3. MERULA. 253 



meet, they probably interbreed, as intermediate forms of both sexes 

 occur. The sj-nonymy of the Southern form is as folloAVS : — 



22. Merula flavipes. 



Turdus flavipes, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xx. p. 277 (1818) ; 



Sjnx, Av. Bras. i. p. 69, pi. Ixvii. fig. 2 (1824) ; Grai/, Gen. B. i. 



p. 219 (1847, partim) ; Cah. Mus. Hein. i. p. 5 (1850) ; Sclater, 



P. Z. S. 1859, p. 334 ; id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 6 (1862, jmHim); Gray, 



Hand-l. B. i. p. 258. no. 3773 (1869, partim) ; Peh. Orn. Bras. 



pp. 94, 421 (1871); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn. 1873, p. 230; Scl. 



^- Salv. Nomeyicl. Av. Neotr. p. 2 (\Sl?t, jiartini). 

 Turdus carbonarius, Licht., apud Neuwied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iii. 



p. 641 (1833), apudLicM. Notnencl.Av. p. 25 (1854, parttm) ; Biirm. 



Th. Bras. iii. p. 125 (1855). 



In the adult male the general colour of the upper parts is dark 

 slate-grey, shading into black on the head, nape, lores, and ear- 

 covcrts ; no trace of eye-stripe ; quills, wing-coverts, innermost 

 secondaries, and tail-feathers black. Chin, throat, and breast black, 

 shading into slate-grey on the rest of the underparts, the chin more 

 or less streaked with vrhite, and the under tail-coverts obscurely 

 tipped with greyish white ; axillaries and under wing- coverts black; 

 inner margin of quills brown. Bill yellow. Wing with the third, 

 fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and longest, second pri- 

 mary about equal to the sixth, bastard primary 0-98 to 0-65 inch. 

 Length of wing 4-45 to 4-3 inches (female 4-2 to 4-1), tail 3-56 

 to 3*1, culmen 0-S5 to 0-72, tarsus 1"1 to 0-95. 



In {ho female the general colour of the upper parts is olive-brown, 

 shading into russet-brown on the head, wings, and tail. The under- 

 parts are pale brown, shading into greyish white on the centre of 

 the belly ; the feathers of the chin and upper throat have fan- 

 shaped dark-brown terminal spots, and the under tail-coverts are 

 tipped with greyish white ; axillaries aud under wing-coverts 

 chestnut ; inner margin of quills pale chestnut-brown. Bill dark 

 brown. Legs, feet, and claws brown. Young in first plumaqe 

 appear to be iinknown ; but males of the year resemble adults, with 

 a few of the wing-coverts tipped with ochraceous. 



The Brazilian Grey Ouzel is found in Bi-azil at Bahia, Eio 

 Janeiro, to as far south as Santa Catherina. Nothing appears to 

 be known of its migrations. 



a. (S ad. .«k. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 



b, c. cj ad. ; d. c? imm. st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 



e. S ad. sk. Brazil. Henry Seebohm, Esq. [P.]. 



23. Merula carbonaria. 



Turdus carbonarius, Licht. Vcrz. Ihivl)!. p. 37 (1823); Gray, Gen.B. 

 i. p. 219 (1847) ; Tip. Consp. i. p. 275 (LS50) ; Licht. Nomencl. Av. 

 p. 25 (1854, partim ). 



Turdus fla\'ipes, Vivill. apud Sclater, Cat. Amer. B. p. (1862 

 partim^, apud Taylor, Ibis, 1 864. p. 80, apud Le'ot. Oii. Trinidad, 

 p. 109 (1866), apud Gray, Jland-l. B. i. p. 258. no. 3773 (1869, 

 partim), apud 8d. Sf Salv. Xomcncl. Av. Xeotr. p. 2 (1873, parti7n). 



