3. MERULA. 279 



52. Merula javanica. 



Tardus javanicus, Ilursjield, Trans. Linn. S'oc. xiii. p. 148 (1822) ; 



BJijth, J. A. .V. Bent/, xvi. p. 14;j (]847); Oray, Gen. B. iii. App. 



p. 'lO (l«4!l); Uor'sf. ^- Mvure, Cut. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 196 



(1854j ; Sclater, Ibis, 18G1, p. 280; Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 2o5. 



no. 3705 (1809); Sulcad. Ucc. Born. p. 257 (1874); Sclater, Ibis, 



1875, p. 344, pi. viii. 

 Turdus (Merula) fumidus, -S'. Mii/kr, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. p. 201 



(1839). 

 Turdus hvpopvrrhus, Hartl. Verz. Brem. Samml. p. 43 (1844); Gray, 



Gen. B. i. p". 219 (1847) ; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 3 (1850) ; Salrad. 



Ucc. Born. p. -I'lS (1874). 

 Turdus coDcolor, Temm.,Jide Bhith,J. A. S. Bent/, xvi. p. 143 (1847). 

 Turdus fumidus {Midi.), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 219 (1847) ; Bp. Comp. 



1. p. 274(1850). 

 Turdus nigricrissus, Schiff, jide Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxviii. p. 6 



(1854;. 

 Turdus schlegeli, Sclater, Ibis, \Sm, p. 280; Wallace, F. Z. S. 186-3, 



p. 485 ; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 347. 



In the adult male the general colour of the upper parts is a uni- 

 form dark brown, approaching chocolate-brown, obscurely suffused 

 ■with dark olive on the back. This colour pervades the entire head, 

 neck, breast, axillaries, under wing-coverts, and thighs, leaving the 

 bell}' and flanks chestnut, marked with white on the centre of the 

 belly and vent; the under tail-coverts are the same uniform dark 

 brown, with broad white shaft-lines and tips. Eill yellow. Wing 

 with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and longest, 

 second primary intermediate in length between the sixth and 

 seventh, bastard primary 0-85 to 0"7 inch. Legs, feet, and claws 

 yellow. Length of wing 4*70 to 4*4 inches, tail a-91 to 3-4, culmen 

 0-91 to 0-82, tarsus 1-3.3 to 1-2.5. 



The fenude difl'ers from the male in being of a paler brown; the 

 chestnut of the belly is replaced by brown, the white on the vent is 

 nearly obsolete, and the white on tlie under tail-coverts is confined 

 to a narrow shaft-line. Young in Jirst plamaije have pale shaft- 

 lines and dark terminal bars to the feathers of the back and undcr- 

 parts, and the wing-coverts have ochraceous tips ; the under tail- 

 coverts agree with those of the female. The type of T. javanicus 

 and that of T. schleyeli agree in the colour of the under tail-coverts, 

 but the latter has the rich chestnut flanks of the adult mile. It 

 is probably an immature male. 



Horsficld's Ouzel appeirs to be resident in the islands of Java, 

 Sumatra, Borneo, and Timor. 



a. Ad. St. .Java. East-Iudia Co. 



b. \d.,c. Juv.sk. Jii\n {Ilors/ield). India Museum. (Types of 



Turdus javanicus, Ilorsf.) 



d. d ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 



e. Ad. sk. Bornjo. Purchased. 



