6. EUiTHACTTs. 295 



JEur. i. p. 431 (1807); Loc/ie, Eipl. Sci. Alger., Ois. i. p. 227 



(1867); Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 117 (18G9) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital 

 Ucc. p. 96 (1871) ; Slielley, B. Egypt, p. 88 (1872) ; Irhy, B. Gibr. 



p. 80 (187.5). 

 Liisciola lusciuia (^Linn,), Ker/s. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. Iviii, 189 



(1840); Ilcuql. Syst. Ue'bers. p. 25 (1856); Linderm. Vdg. 



Griec/ienl. p. 103 (1800) ; JVewt. List B. Eur. Blasius, p. 10 (1862j ; 



Drosfe, Vogelw. Borkum, p. 95 ( 1809) ; Fritsch, Vdg. Eur, p. 18l 



(1870). 

 Erithacus luscinia {Linn.), Degl. Orn. Eur. i. p. 499 (1849). 

 Luscinia vera, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220. no. 3151 (1869). 



General colour of tlie upper parts, including the ear-coverts, 

 russet-brown, shading into brownish cliestnut on the upper tail- 

 coverts and tail. General colour of the underparts, includiug the 

 lores, buiiish white, shading into greyish white on the breast and 

 flanks, and into brownish white on the axillaries and under 

 wing- and tail-covcrts. Bill with the upper mandible brown 

 and the under mandible pale horn-colour ; rictal bristles nearly 

 obsolete. AVing with the third and fourth primaries nearly equal 

 and longest, second pi-imary about equal to the fifth, bastard pri- 

 mary 0"7 to 0"6 inch. Outside tail-feathers 0"2 inch shorter than 

 the longest. Legs, feet, and claws brown. Length of wing 3-4 to 

 3'0 inches, tail 2-75 to 2*5, culmen 0-62 to 0-55, tarsus 1*1 to 1"01. 



The female does not differ from the male, nor does autumn 

 plumage vary much from that of spring. Birds of the year scarcely 

 differ from adults. Young in first plumage have pale centres 

 to most of the feathers. 



The Western Nightingale breeds in Central and Southern Europe, 

 extending its range into the south of England, but rarely if ever 

 found in Scandinavia or Russia. It passes through North Africa on 

 migration, probably wintering somewhere in the interior south of 

 Abyssinia. 



a. Ad. St. England. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 



b. Ad. st. Bayswater, London. J. F. Stevens, Esq. [P.]. 



c. d. Ad. sk. Middlesex. F. Godman and 0. Salvin 



Esqrs.[P.]. 



e,f,g,h. Juv. st. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [C.]. 



«, A. JJad.; /, Leicestershire. Theodore Walker, Esq. 



m. Juv. st. [P-]- 



M. Ad. sk. Valkenswaavd, Holland, F. Godman and O. Salvin, 



1803 (Baker). E,-cqrs. [P.]. 



o. Ad. sk. Belgium. Brussels ^luseum. 



p. Q ad. sk. Valencia, Spain, April Howard Saunders, Esq. 



19, 1872. [P.]. 



q. Ad. sk. Tunis. L. Eraser, Esq. [P.]. 



r. (S skull. Wiirtemberg. Dr. A. Giiuther. 



2. Erithacus philomela, 



Le grand Rossignol, Bris.i. Orn. iii. p. 400 (1760) ; Montb. Hist. 



Nat. Ois. V. p. 113 (1778). 

 Greater Ni^ditiugale, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 411 (1783). 

 Motacilla luscinia, Linn., /3. major, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 950 (1788). 



