302 TURDID.35. 



Eastern species, the culmen measuring 0-65 inch. The rufous of 

 the breast is said to be deeper in colour ; but the types were all 

 obtained after the autumn moult, when the Western species is 

 similarly coloured. 



The female is said not to difier from the male. Birds in spring 

 plumage and young in first plumage are not known. 



The Persian llobiu abounds in the forest districts of the southern 

 shores of the Caspian, extending its range westwards into the 

 Caucasus. Nothing has been recorded respecting its migrations. 



a. c? ad. sk. Resht, Persia. Col. St. John [C.]. 



9. Erithacus brunneus. 



Larvivora cyana (Pallns), apud Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. vi. p. 102 

 (1837, male), apud Bp. Consp. i. p. 301 (1850), apud Horsf. 8f 

 Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E.I. Co. i. p. 310 (1851), apud Jerdon, B. 

 Jnd. ii. p. 145 (1803), apud Holdsw. P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 454, apud 

 Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. ii. p. 324 (1874). 



LaiTiyora brunnea, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. vi. p. 102 {1837, female) ; 

 Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 440 (1879). 



Pliceniciu-a superciliaris, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xiii. p. 170 (1844). 



Euticilla cyana (Pallas), apud Gray, Gen. B.i. p. 180 (1846). 



Calliope cyana (Pallas), apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 169 

 (1849), apiid Layai-d, Ann. Nat. Hist. 185.3, xiii. p. 266, apud 

 Layard ^- Kelaart*, Prodr. Cat. B. App. p. 57 (1853). 



Larvivora superciliaris (Jerd.), Blyth, Ihis, 1867, p. 16 ; Brooks, 

 Sir. F. 1875, p. 240 ; Fairhank, Sir. F. 1876, p._ 259. 



Ruticilla cyanea (Pallas), apud Gray, Hanxl-l. B. i. p. 222. no. 3176 

 (1869). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour of the upper 

 parts dull dark blue ; lores, forehead at the base of the bill, cheeks, 

 and ear- coverts black, shading into didl dark blue on the sides of 

 the neck ; eye-stripe white, extending to the nape ; wings brown, 

 the outer webs of the wing-coverts and secondaries more or less 

 suffused with dull dark blue ; tail brown, the two centre feathers 

 and the outer webs of the others more or less suffused with dull 

 dark blue. Uuderparts orange-chestnut, shading into white on the 

 centre of the belly and under tail-coverts ; axillaries and under 

 wing- coverts grey, more or less suffused with pale blue; inner 

 margin of quills pale brown. Bill very dark brown, paler at the 

 base of the under mandible ; rictal bristles nearly obsolete. Wing 

 with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and longest, 

 second primary about equal to the eighth, bastard primary 0-8 to 0-7 

 inch. Legs, feet, and claws flesh-coloured. Length of wing 3*0 to 

 2-7 inches, tail 1-95 to 1-7, culmen 0-6 to 0-5-5, tarsus 1-05 to 1-0. 



In the female the general colour of the upper parts is olive-brown, 

 slightly suffused with chestnut on the upper tail-coverts. The 

 underparts, including the axillaries and under wing-coverts, are 

 chestnut-brown, paler on the chin and throat, and shading into 

 white on the centre of the belly and under tail-coverts. Males of 



* Spelt Calliope cyanea. 



