6. EEiiHACtrs. 305 



the upper tail-coverts ; wings brown ; tail nearly black. Chin and 

 throat nearly white ; cheeks and l)reast brown, the feathers of the 

 lower breast with nearly white margins, which gradually increase in 

 length on the rest of the lower parts, entirely concealing the brown 

 bases on the belly and under tail-coverts ; axillaries, under wing- 

 coverts, and flanks pale chestnut ; lower throat and breast frequently 

 suffused with chestnut. Males of the year have the chestnut of the 

 undeq3ai'ts replaced by buff. Young in first plumage have pale 

 centres and dark margins to most of the small feathers, and pale tips 

 to most of the larger ones. 



The White-throated llobin breeds in Asia Minor, Palestine, 

 Northern and Western Persia, and Western Turkestan. It has also 

 been found in S2)ring and autumn in Abyssinia, but may probably go 

 still further south to winter. 



a. cj ad. sk. Xanthus, Asia Minor. Sir C. Fellowes fP.]. 



b. (S ad. sk. Smyrna. Consul Merlin [P.]. 



c. (1. (S ^ ad. sk. Kaisarziah, Asia Minor, F. Godman and 0. Salvin, 



May 5, 187G (C. G. Esqrs. [P.]. 



Danfurd). 

 e. $ ad. sk. Sbirazj Persia, Sept. Col. St. John [C.]. 



1870. 

 /. S ad. sk. Karij valley, Elburz W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 



Mountains, Aug. IG, 



1872. 

 g. <S ad. sk. Tashkend, April lo, Pi. B. Shai-pe, Esq. 



1866 {Severtzoff). 



12. Erithacus calliope. 



Motacilla calliope, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reicha, iii. p. 697 (1776). 

 Kanitschatka Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 28 (1783). 

 Turdus camtsehatkeiisis, Gmel. Si/st. Xat. i. p. 817 (1788, ac Lath.). 

 Turdiis calliope (Fa/l.), Lath. In'd. Orn.l p. 331 (1790). 

 Accentor calliope (Pall.), Tevim. Man. (POrn. iii. p. 172(1835). 

 Calliope lathami, Goitld, B. Eur. ii. pi. 118 (1837) ; Blyth, J. A. S. 



Re)i(/.xi.Y>- 112(1842). 

 Lusoiola calliope {Pall.), Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. hiii, 190 



(1840); Temm. et Schleg. Faun. Japan. Arcs, p. 57 (1847). 

 Calliope camtschatkeusis {Gmel.), Strickl. Ann. Nut. Hist. vi. 



p. 422 (1841); Bh/th, J. A. S. Bmy. x\\. p. 134 (1847); id. 



Cut. B. Mils. As. S(Jc. p. 160 (1849) ; Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 295 (1850) ; 



Cub. Mus. Hein. i. p. 1 (1850) ; Ilursf. .y Mo„re, Cat. B. Mus. E.L 



Co. i. p. 313 (1854) ; Jaitb. et Barth.-Laponini. Rich. Orn. p. 236 



(1859) ; Dcfjl. ct Gcrhe, Oni. Eur. i. p. 464 (1867) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 



1871, p. 359 ; Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xhi. ( 1875) ; Blyth 8c Wuld. B. 



Burm. p. 101 (1875); Secbuhiu, Ibis, 1879, p, 7; Gould, B. Asia, 



pt. xxxi. pi. 8 (1879). 

 Cvanecula calliope (Pall.), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 182 (1848). 

 Enthacus calliope (Pall.), Deyl. Orn. Eur. i. p. 514 (1849). 

 Sylvia (Calliope) kamtschatkeusis (Gmel.), Middcnd. Reis. Sibir. 



' Zool. ii. pt. 2, p. 174 (1853). 

 Calliope kamtschatcensis (Gmel.), Hartl. Journ. O/vj. 1859, p. 50 ; 



Jerdon, B. Ind. ii. p. 150 (1863). 

 Erithacus iprnigularis, Dubois, Ois. Eur. pi. 61 (1862). 

 Melodes calliope (Pull.), Newt. List B.Eur. Blasius, p. 10 (1862). 



VOL. V. X 



