9. RUIICILLA. 337 



i. p. 180 (184G) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 29G (1850) ; Cab. Miis. Hein. 



i. p. 2 (ISoO) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 18o4, p. 25 ; Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. 



p. 68 ( 18-57) ; Jaub. et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 230 (1859) ; 



Newt. List B. Eur. Bhtsius, p. 10 (1862) ; Jcrd. B. Ind. ii. p. 136 



(1863); FiUppi, Viat/f/. Pers. 1^.34:7 (1865); Deyl.etGerbe,Orn.Eur. 



i. p. 438 (1867) ; Lochc, Expl. Set. Ah/er., Ois. i. p. 215 (1867); 



GoidcJ, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. li. (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 221. 



no. 3153 (1869) ; Heuql. Orn. X.O.-Afr. i. p. 333 (1869) ; Doderl. 



Avif. Sicil. p. 115 (1869) ; Droste, Vor/elw. Borkum, p. 94 (1869) ; 



Harting, Handb. Br. B. p. 12 (1872) ; Shelle)/, B. E(pjpf, p. 82 



(18/"2) ; Newt. ed. Yarr. Br. B. i. p. 329 (1873) ; Sevekz. Turkest. 



Jevotn. p. 65 (1873) ; Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xxvi. (1874) ; Irbi/, B. 



Gibr. p. 81 (1875) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 77 ; Blanf. East. Pers. 



ii. p. 163 (1876) ; Tacz. Bull. Sue. Zool. France, i. p. 143 (1876) ; 



Bo[/d. B. CaiK. p. 95 (1879) ; Seebo/im, Ibis, 1880, p. 191. 

 Lusciola pliteuicurus (Linn.), Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. Iviii, 



191 (1840) : .*■/(/. Rev. Grit. p. xxxi (1844) ; Linderm. Vog. Grie- 



chenl. p. 105 (1860). 

 Eritliacus pliceniciu-us (Linn.), Degl. Orn. Eur. i. p. 502 (1849). 

 Lusciuia phoenicurus {Linn.), Sundev. Sv. Fogl. p. 59 (1856). 

 Sylvia (Ruticilla) phoenicura {Linn.), Radde, Meis. Sibir. Vog. 



"p. 254 (1863). 

 Lusciola (IiuticiUa) plicenicura {Linn.). Fritsck, Vog. Eur. p. 186 



(1870). 



In tho male in full autumn plumage the general colour of the 

 upper parts is brown, the concealed white bases of the feathers on 

 the forehead showing conspicuously when disturbed, and slate-grey 

 making itself seen on the back under similar circumstances ; rnmp 

 and upper tail-coverts rich chestnut ; wings and wing-coverts dark 

 brown, with pale chestnut-brown margins on the outer webs of each 

 feather, broadest on the innermost secondaries ; tail chestnut, except 

 the inner webs of the two central tail-feathers, which are dark 

 brown. A narrow band at the base of the upper mandible, the 

 lores, cheeks, ear-coverts, chin, and throat are black, each feather 

 narrowly margined with pale brownish chestnut ; the breast and 

 flanks are chestnut, each feather broadly margined with white, 

 shading into nearly pure white on the centre of the belly, and into 

 pale chestnut on the a:!iiEaries, under wing- and tail-coverts ; inner 

 margin of quills pale brown. UiU, legs, feet, and claws black. 

 "Wings with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and 

 longest ; second primary about equal to the sixth, frequently 

 slightly shorter, and occasionally slightly longer ; bastard primary 

 0-9 to 0-75 inch. Length of wing 3-;3 to 2-8 inches, tail 2-5 to 2-1, 

 culmen 0-58 to 0"5, tarsus 0-9 to 0"75. 



The female resembles the male in the colour of the upper parts, 

 except that there are no black, white, or slate-grey bases to the 

 feathers to become visible when the plumage is ruffled. The under- 

 parts are buff, darkest on the breast, axillaries, and under tail- 

 coverts. In breedin<j-plumar/e the forehead of the male has become 

 pure white, all trace of brown has disappeared from the head and 

 back, leaving them slate-grey, and the pale margins of the wing- 

 coverts, quills, and innermost secondaries are scarcely perceptible ; 

 the narrow band at the base of the upper mandible, the lores, clieeks, 

 ear-coverts, and tkroat have become a velvet-black, and the feathers 



VOL. v. z 



