n. s.vxicoLV. 36,3 



in trees, frcqueuting the open country, some of them rocky mountain- 

 sides, some cultivated plains, and others arid deserts. 



The genus Sa.virola is principally ^Ethiopian. Six species are 

 peculiar to South Africa ; five more to Nubia and Abyssinia. Five 

 species inhabit North Africa, of which the range of three extends 

 to Palestine, and the remaining two to Turkestan. Eight species 

 are European, of which the range of three extends to Persia, one 

 extends to Turkestan, and two to China. Four- species breed only 

 iu Persia, and four only in Turkestan. 



Kei/ to tlie Species, 



A. Back and throat jet-black iu adult 



male in breeding-pluuiage. 



«. Upper and median wing-coverts black 



or dark brown, like the rest of the 



wing. 



«'. Lpper tail-coverts rufous. TSTiite 



on tail frequently tinged with 



rufous. Eel'y sometimes white, 



sometimes black. Head grey or 



blackish lugiihris, p. 060. 



h'. Upper tail-coverts white. White 

 on tail never tinged with rufous. 

 a". Lower breast and belly white. 

 a'". Head black. 



(i\ Sexes ahke. Length of wing, 

 males 4'3 to 3-9 inches, 



females 3'95 to 3vo alhonk/ra, p. 366. 



h\ General colour of female 

 brown. Length of wing, 

 males 3'7 to 3-4 inches, fe- 

 males 3-.3 to 3-3 picata, p. -367. 



h'" . Head white or gn-ey. 



c'. Inner margin of quills black 

 or dark brown, 

 a'. Crown grey. Sexes alike. 

 Length of wing 3'7 to 

 3'o inches, cuhnen Ov to 

 0"62. Second primary be- 

 tween the sixth and 



seventh capinfrata, p. 3(58. 



¥. Head white. General colour 

 of female brown. Length 

 of wing iu males 4'2 to 

 4'Oin., culmen 0'9 toO'8. mouacJia p. 309. 

 e'. Head white, more or less 

 suffused -with grey. Ge- 

 neral colour of female 

 brown. Length of wing 

 in males 3'9 to 3'G inches, 

 culmen 07 to 0-6. Se- 

 cond primary about equal 



to the tifth mon'o, p. •372. 



d'. Inner margin of quills white. 

 d'. Basal portion of qiulls 

 white on inner webs to 

 the shaft. 



