11, SAXICOLA. 373 



Degl. Oni. Eur. i. p. 4!)0 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. SO:', (1850) ; 

 Morsf. ^- Moore, Cat B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 287 (1854) ; Linchm. 

 Vog.' Griechenl. p. Ill (ISiiO) ; Nvivt. List B. Ear. Blasius, p. 10 

 (1802); Deyl. vt Gcrhe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 457 (1867) ; Ifem/l. Orn. 



N. O.-Afr. i. p. 350 (1800) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 224. no. .•i2 J8 



(1809): Fritsch, Vm/. Eur. p. 195 (1870); Salvad. Faun. Ital. 

 Ucc. p. 87 (1871); hwinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 360; Severtz. TurkeM. 



Jevotn. p. 05 (ISIS) \ Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 330; Severtz. Str. 



Feath. 1875, p. 429; Bogd. B. Cnuc. p. 93 (1879) ; Mdller, Jourii. 



Orn. 1879, p. 388. 

 Vitiflora leucomela (Pall.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 552; Bp. Conip. List 



B. Eur. 4" N. Anwr. p. 10 (1838). 

 Saxicola morio, Hempr. et Ehr. Si/mb. P/ii/s. fol. aa (1833) ; 



Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xxvii. (1874, parti m) ; Dresser ^ Blanf. Ibis, 



1874, p. 338; Blanf. ^- Dress. P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 225 (partim); 



Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 330 ; Blanford, East. Pers. ii. p. 152 (1876); 



Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, p. 144 (1870) ; Prjeu. Rowley's Orn. 



Misc. ii. p. 183 (1877) ; David et Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 166 (1877); 



Finsch, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1879, p. 164 ; Wardlaw 



Pamsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 55. 

 Saxicola atricollis, Von Mull. Naum. 1851, iv. p. 28 ; Von Miill. 



Beitr. Orn. Afr. pi. iv. (1853). 

 Saxicola leucura (Gm.), aptid Linderm. Vliq. Griechenl. p. 112 



(1800) ; apud Radde, Pels. Sibir., Voy. p. 240 (1803). 

 Saxicola salina, Eversm. c? , apud Loche, E.ipl. Sci. Alyer., Ois. i. 



p. 210 (1807.) 

 Saxicola hendersoni, Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 408; Hume ^- Ilenders, 



Lahore to Yark. p. 20;'), pi. xiii. (1873). 

 Saxicola talas, St-vertz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 119, pi. viii. figs. 1, 3, 



I't 4 (1873, autumn ptumaye); SeveHz. Sir. Feath. 1875, p. 429. 

 Saxicola melauoleuca. Hemp, et Ehr. apud Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 336. 



Adult male in hreedinij-plumage. Head, nape, and hind neck 

 white, more or less suffused with g-rey : lores, chin, throat, ear- 

 coverts, sides of neck, scapulars, back, wiug-covcrts, axillaries, and 

 under wing-coverts black ; quills dark brown, slightly paler on the 

 under surface ; rump, upper tail-coverts, breast, flanks, belly, and 

 under tail-coverts white ; tail white, the two central feathers nearly 

 black for the terminal half, and the remainder tipped with nearly 

 black from a quarter to half an inch. Bill, legs, feet, and claws 

 black. Wings with the third and fourth primaries nearly equal 

 and longest, second primary about equal to the fifth, bastard 

 primary O'S to 0'(5 inch. Length of wing 3-9 to 3'G inches (female 

 3-6 to 3-45), tail 2-G6 to 2-2o, culmeu 0-7 to 0-6, tarsus l-() 

 to 0-8.5. 



Adult female in breedinif-jdumaf/e. The belly, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, under tail-coverts, and tail are the same as in the male ; 

 the remainder of the upper jjarts are earthy brown. The same 

 colour prevails on the undcrparts from the breast upwards, showing 

 the black bases to the feathers on the throat. Aft.r the autumn 

 moult the white feathers on tlie head, nape, breast, belly, and under 

 tail-coverts of the male have brown edges, and all the black fea- 

 thers are more or less edged with brown. Exactly the same change 

 takes place in the female, the edges to the new feathers being paler 

 than the centres, especially on the wing-coverts, innermost secon- 

 daries, and tips of the primaries. 



