11. SAXlCOtA. 375 



Saxicola leiicocepliala (JBrehm), Grm/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 2'^6 no 3^54 

 (181 0) ; IhiujL Oni. N.O.-Afv. i.' p. 3o9 (186U). 



Saxicola leucopyga {Brehvi), W'anf. .^- Dresser, F. Z. S. 1874, p. 228 • 

 Dresser, B. Eur, pt. xxiv, (1873). " ' 



Adult male in hreedhuj-plummie. Head and nape white ; a nar- 

 row frontal line at the base of the bill ; lores, the feathers above 

 and behind the eye, ear-coverts, back, scapulars, wing-eoverts, 

 chin, throat, breast, belly, axillaries, under wing-coverts, and flanks 

 black; quills dark brown, slightly paler on the under surface; 

 rump, upper tail-coverts, the feathers round the vent, and under 

 tail-coverts white ; tail white, except the terminal half of the two 

 centre feathers and an occasional spot on or near the tip of the 

 others, which are brown. Eill, legs, feet, and claws black. AVings 

 with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and 

 longest, second primary slightly longer or slightly shorter than the 

 sixth, bastard primary 0-95 to 0-8 inch. Length of wing 4-1 

 to 3-8 inches, tail 2-85 to 2-5, culmen 0-93 to 0-7, tarsus 1-05 

 to 1-0. 



It is not known that the female differs in any respect from the 

 male. Immediately after the 'autumn moult the black parts are very 

 rich and glossy. Birds of the year, and possibly f males, have black 

 heads and pale tips to "the primary-coverts and the secondaries. 

 Birds in intermediate plumsige, with black heads interspersed with 

 a few white feathers, or ^vith white heads interspersed with a few 

 black feathers, occasionally occur. The length of bill is subject to 

 great variation. In what I take to be very old males white feathers 

 appear on the shoulder. Vouuf/ in frst jdumage rcsemUe hiids of 

 the year, but are of a duller black colour, and have obscure pale tips 

 to the greater wing-coverts as well as to the primary wing-coverts 

 and secondaries, and have al>o white tips to all the tail-feathers. 



The A\"hitc-rumped Chat appears to be a resident in Eastern Al- 

 geria, Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, and Palestine. 



a. Ad. sk. W(d N^a, Algeria, Dec. 10, F. Godman and O. Salvir 



18-56 {Trisiram). Esqrs. [P.]. 



i. Ad. .'^k. EgA-pt. J.H.Gurnev,Esq.,Jun. [P.]. 



c. Ad. sk. Second Cataract of the Nile. Dr. Leith Adams [P.]. 



d. c? ad. sk. Jebel U? diim, I'ale.vtine. Canon Tribtram [C.]. 



1 1 . Saxicola leucura. 



"NVliite-lailod Tln-ush, Lath. Gen. Sifn. ii. pt. 1, p. 40 (1783). 

 Tunhis leucurus, Gmel. Si/sf. Xaf' i. p. 820 (1788, ex Lath.); Lath. 



Iml. Orn. i. p. 344 (179(j). 

 (iMianthe leucura {Gmel.), Vieill. X. Diet. d'Hist. Xat. xxi. n. 422 



(1818). ' 



Saxicola cachinnans, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 236(1820); Mei/er, 



Taschenb. Zus. ti. Ber. p. 97 (1822) : Gotdd, B. E'tr. ii. pi 88 



(1837). r V /, t- 



Vitiflora leucura (Gmel.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. .522. 



Saxicola leucura (Gmel.), Keys. n. Bias. Wirb. Ear. pp. Ix. 103 

 (1840) ; Gra;/, Gen. B. i. p. "179 ( Js4(i) ; Degl Orn. Ear. i. p. 491 

 (1849): Dubois, Oi.-<. Ear. pi. liv. (lKi2) ; Xeivt. List B. Ear. 

 Blasias, p. 10 (18G2) ; Deal, et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 4-59 (18G7) ; 



