11. SAXICOLA. 395 



Sylvia stapazina (Linn.)(2necd), Tcmm. 3Ian. d'Oni. p. 137 (181-5). 



Vitiaora rufo ( $ «ec S), Sfeji/i. .'Sfiaw's Gen. Zool. x. p. 569 (1817). 



CEnanthe albicollis, Viei/l. K. Diet, crilist. Nat. xxi. p. 424 (1818). 



Sylvia albicollis (VieilL), Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 485 (1820). 



Saxicola aurita, Tcmm. Man. cVOrn. i. p. 241 (1820); Meyer, Tas- 

 chenh. Zm. n. Btr. p. 09 (1822) ; Temm. PI. Col. no. 257. fig. 1 

 (1824) ; Riipi). Xeiie Wirb., Vnt/. p. 79 (.1835); Goidd, B. Eur. ii. 

 pi. 92 (18.')7) ; Nordm. Demid. Voy. Buss, merid. iii. p. 131 

 (1840); Deijl. Orn. Eur. i. p. 488 (1849); Cab. Mus. Uein. i. 

 p. 10(1850); Heuyl. 8yst. Uebers. p. 26 (1856); Hartl. Orn. W.- 

 Afr. p. 64(1857); Linderm. Vog. Grieclieid.'p. Ill (1860) ; Filippi, 

 Viaqy. Pers. p. 347 (1865) ; Eeyl. et Gerhe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 455 

 (1867) ; Hcugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 348 (1869) ; Frit^ch, Viig. Eur. 

 p. 195 (1870) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital. Uce. p. 88 (1871). 



Vitiflora aurita {Temm.), Boie, Ids, 1822, p. 552. 



Sylvia rufescens, 8avi, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 223 (1827). 



Saxicola ampliileuca, Ilempr. et Ehr. Si/mb. Phys., Aves. fol. bb 

 (1833) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 225. no."3219 (1869) ; tShdley, B. 

 Egypt, p. 72 (1872). 



Saxicola aurita, Te7mn.,\ai: libyca, Ilempr. etElir.Symb. Phys., Aves, 

 fol. aa (1833). 



Saxicola stapazina {Linn.), Keys. w. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. lix, 193 

 (1840) ; Eiipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 58 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 178 

 (1846) ; Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xxv. (1874) ; Blanf. East. Pers. ii. 

 p. 150 (1876). 



Saxicola albicoUis ( Vieill), Bp. Consp. i. p. 303 (1850) ; Gray, Hand-l. 

 B. i. p. 224. no. 3206 (1809). 



Vitiflora assimilis, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 224 (1855). 



Adult male in hreeJinri-plumnge. General colour white, frequently 

 suffused -with grey ou the head and with buff on the back and breast, 

 the remains of immature plumage ; a patch of black on the sides of 

 the head includes a narrow frontal line, the lores, the feathers round 

 the eye, the ear-coverts, and extends some way down the sides of 

 neck ; wing-coverts, axillaries, under wing-coverts, and under surface 

 of quills black ; tail-feathers white, the two central feathers black 

 for the terminal two thirds, the two outer feathers broadly tipped 

 with black, the black tips to the remainder being narrower and 

 generally almost obsolete on several. Ijill, legs, feet, and claws 

 black. Wing with the third and fourth primaries nearly equal and 

 longest, second primary slightly shorter than the fourth, bastard 

 primary 0-G5 to 0-7. Length of wing 3-G to 3-5 inches (females 3-5 

 to 3-4), tail 2-45 to 2-3, cuknen 0-65 to 0-6, tarsus 0-9 to 0-85. 



The female differs from the male in having aU the black parts 

 replaced by brown. The head and back are also paler brown, and 

 the throat and breast suffused with brown. It is not known that 

 any change takes place in the colour of the plumage of adults in 

 consequence of the autumn moult ; but birds of the year are suffused 

 with grey on the head, with both grey and buff ou the back, and 

 with butt' on the breast and flanks, the wing-coverts and innermost 

 secondaries are broadly edged with buff, the primaries narrowly 

 tipped with buff, and the tail-feathers narrowly tipped with white. 

 Youncj in Jir.st j^lumage have obscure pale centres and dark ter- 

 minal bands to tlie feathers of the head, back, and breast, and 



