40 COKVID^. 



Total 



lengtli Cul- Tar- 



circa men. Wing. Tail. sus. 

 in. in. in. in. in. 



14. C. levaiUanti .... India 21 2-5 l;3-4 9 2-05 



15. „ N. India 18 2-6 13-2 8-5 2-25 



16. „ Afghanistan 18 2-35 13-o 9-3 2-1 



17. „ Kooloo 19 2-4 12-85 8 6 2-15 



18. „ NyneeTal 19-5 2-55 13-1 8-5 2-15 



19. „ Nepal 195 2-6 12-3 7-8 2-1 



20. „ „ 18 2-8 13-65 8-5 2-4 



21. „ 2- Andaman Islands .. 17-8 2-7 12 7-5 2-25 



22. „ c?. „ „ ..20 2-85 13-05 8-6 2-25 



23. „ $. „ „ •• 20-5 2-2 12-35 8 2-15 



24. „ Bliamau 18 2-65 11-5 7-3 2-15 



25. „ „ 20 2-8 12-9 8-5 2-3 



26. „ „ 19 2-6 12-5 8 24 



27. „ „ 21 2-8 13-7 85 2-4 



28. „ Tapeng 18 2-55 12-8 8 24 



29. „ Tsitkau 18 2-6 12-6 8 225 



30. „ Ponsee 18-5 2-55 1265 8-5 225 



31. „ Yun-nan 18-5 245 131 8-1 2-25 



32. „ China 20 2-5 12-3 8 2 4 



33. „ ,, 19-5 2-75 13 95 8-5 25 



34. „ „ 17 .. 13-05 8-5 2-3 



35. „ Fokien 20 2-7 134 8-8 2-35 



36. „ Hainan 18-5 27 137 9 2 235 



37. „ c?. Ussuri river 20 2-85 14'.35 9 2-45 



38. „ $. „ „ 20 2-7 13-65 9 2-2 



Obs. The series of measurements which is given above shows 

 pretty conclusively that size alone is not sufficient to separate as 

 distinct C. macrorhyncha and C. levaiUanti. Malayan specimens 

 are found absolutely identical with others from different parts of 

 India ; but it must be observed that there is a tendency in C. 

 macrorhyncJia to exhibit pure white bases to the feathers, a cha- 

 racter not observable in Indian and Chinese birds. Whether this 

 is a point which is of such great importance in the study of Crows 

 will be for some future worker at the group to determine ; and it 

 will require a longer period than I have been able to devote to the 

 subject, along with amuch larger series of birds to settle the matter ; but 

 I have not failed to notice that certain species which have pure white 

 bases to the feathers in the adult have greyish bases to the same plumes 

 in the young bird ; and Mr. Dresser has observed the same fact. 

 Thus C macrorhyncha might be distinguished from C. levaiUanti were 

 it not for the occurrence of intermediate forms which render it im- 

 possible to draw an exact line for specific separation ; and, no 

 doubt, in cases where an equally good series of bu'ds could be com- 

 pared, a good niany more supposed species would be suppressed. 

 Between C. sinensis and C. levaiUanti there is not any difference 

 at all, and C. japonensis I only keep distinct on account of its large 

 raven-like form. C. culminata I have already distinguished, and 

 must leave it to the researches of Indian ornithologists to determine 

 the value of the distinctions that I have drawn from the skins. 



