146 



Subfam. II. FREGILIN/E. 



Keij to the Genera. 



a. Wing's long, fallinp: short of the tip of the 



tail by less than the length of the tarsus. 

 a. Wings very long and pointed, the dis- 

 tance between the tips of the primaries 

 and secondaries nearly double the length 

 of the tarsus. 

 a". Bill long and curved, the distance 

 from the eye to the tip of bill longer 

 than the tarsus ; base of lower man- 

 dible feathered 40. Graculus, p. 146. 



b". Bill short, the distance between the 

 eye and the tip of bill shorter than the 



tarsus; base of lower mandible bare . 41. Pyrrhocorax, p. 148. 

 b'. Wings shorter and more rounded, the 

 distance between the tips of the pri- 

 maries and the tips of the secondaries 

 not so long as the tarsus 42. Corcorax, p. 149. 



b. Wings short, falling short of the tip of the 



tail by more than the length of the tarsus 43. Podoces, p. 150. 



40. GRACULUS*. ^^p^ 



Coracia, Bnsso7), Orn. ii. p. 3 (1760) G. graculus. 



Graculus, Koch, Si/st. baier. Zool. p. 91 (1816) G. graculus. 



Fregilus, Cuvier, Rign. Anim. i. p. 416 (1817) G. graculus. 



Range. Europe and IS'orthern Africa, North-east Africa, east- 

 wards through Central Asia and the Himalaya Mountains to China 

 and Eastern Siberia. 



1. Graculus graculus. 



Le Coracias, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 3, pi. 1. fig. 1. 



? Le Coracias hupe, Briss. t. c. p. 6. 



Corvus graculus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 158 ; Naum. Viig. Deutschl. ii. pi. 



57. fig. 2 ; Schl. u. Susem. Vog. Eur. Taf. 8. fig. 2 ; Yarr. Br. B. 



ii. p. 56. 

 Gracula pyrrhocorax. Scop. Ann. i. p. 42 {nee L.). 

 Coracias des Alpes, Montb. PI. Enl. 255. 

 Eed-legged Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 401. 

 ? Hermit Crow, Lath. t. c. p. 403. 

 ? Corvus eremita, Gm. S. iV. i. p. 377 (e.r Lath.). 

 Graculus eremita, Koch, Sgst. baier. Zool. p. 91. 

 Fregilus graculus, Cuv. Regne Am'in. 1817, p. 406; Gould, B. Eur. 



pi. 219; Macgill. Brit. B. i. p. 587 ; Blgth, Cat. B. Mas. A. S B. 



p. 9 ; Reichmb. Syst. Av. Taf. Ixxxv. fig. 3 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 388 ; 



Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 228 ; Horsf. i^- Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E.I. Co. 



* It seems better to reinstate this name for the Chough. Coracia of Brisson 

 is too like Coracias of Linnoeus to be retained ; and the next generic name is 

 Graculus of Koch. The only objection to the adoption of this une would seem 

 to be that it had been applied by LimiJeus to the Cormorants. But this was in 

 1735, a date not recognized by those ornithologists who follow the rules of the 

 British Association ; and for the last-named birds the generic name of Fhala- 

 crocorax of Brisson appears to be the right one. 



