1. ORIOLUS. 191 



n". Primary-coverts tipped with yellow, form- 

 ing au alar speculum of that colour .... melanocephalus, p. 21o. 

 o' . Primary-coverts tipped w'ith white, form- 

 ing an alar speculum of that colour. 

 n'". Outer tail-feather entirely yellow .... mnnachus, p. 216. 

 o'". Outer tail-feather black at base. 



e^. Bill very stout crassirostris, p. 217. 



f^. Bill slender. 



c'. Larger; above golden yellow, in- 

 clining to olive on the lower back ; 

 wing-coverts edged with yellow ; 

 alar speculum large, about one 

 third of the length of the primary- 

 coverts .' . larvatKS, p. 217. 



d". Smaller ; above olivaceous yellow ; 

 wing-coverts edged with grey ; 

 alar speculum small, formed by a 

 narrow white tip to the primary- 

 coverts brachyrhjnchus, p. 218. 



p". Primary-coverts entu-ely black, not show- 

 ing any speculum at all nigripennis, p. 220. 



. Centre of breast bright crimson. 

 q". Back black, of the same coloiu- as the 

 head and lower parts, leaving only the 



centre of the breast crimson cruentus, p. 221. 



»■". Back red, like the breast and lower parts 

 generally. 

 p"'. Colour of back and lower parts deep 

 crimson ; black of throat occupying 



also the jugulum and fore neck ardcns, p. 221. 



q'". Colour of back and lower parts deep 

 maroon, intensifying here and there to 

 blackish ; black of throat not extend- 

 ing beyond the jugulum trailli, p. 222. 



1. Oriolus galbula. 



The Golden Oriole. 



Le Loriot, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 320 ; Month. PI. Enl. 26. 



Oriolus galbula, Linn. <S'. N. i. p. lUO; Namn. Voff. Deutschl. ii, 



Taf. 61 ,: Wagler, Si/st. Ai\ Oriolus, sp. 3 ; Werner, Atlas, Omui- 



vores, pi. 15; Eou.c, Orn. Prov. pis. 125, 126, 127 ; Brehm, Vd<j. 



Deutschl. T^. 155 ; Mact/ill. Br. B. ii. p. GO; Nordm. inDemid. Voy. 



Russie Mer. iii. p. 1U5; Keiji. 6; Bias. Wirh. Eur.-^. 50; Gould, B. 



Eur. ii. pi. 71 ; Yarr. Br. B. i. p. 212; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 232; 



Bp. Conxp. i. p. 347 ; KJarh. Orn. Ban. pi. xiii. fig. 5 ; ^'c/*/. u. 



Susein. Voy. Eur. Taf. 16 ; Schl. Voy. Xederl. pis. 113, 114; Horsf. 



cV Moore, Cat. B. 3Ius. E.I. Co. i." p. 271 ; Bartl. Orn. JVestafr. 



p. 80 ; Jaub. 4'- Barth.-Lnp. Rich. Orn. p. 199 (1859) ; Schl. Dm: 



Kederl. Fo^.pl. 14. hgs. 3, 4, 46; Linderm. Voy. Griechenl.^. 82; 



Hartt. Faun. Maday. p. 43; Fritsch, Viiy. Eur. Taf. 14. tigs. 7, 8; 



Sundev. Sv. Foyl. -^X. l.wii. tig. 2; Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii.pl. 31; 



Filippi, Viayy. Pers. p. 350 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 135 ; Loche, 



E.ipl. Sci. Alyer. Ois. ii. p. 54 ; Deyl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 392 



(18G7) ; Schl. 3Ius. P.-B. Coraces, p. 99 ; Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. ii. 



Taf. 75 ; Gray, Ifand-l. B. i. p. 291 ; Shelley, B. Eyypt, p. 156 ; 



Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 104 ; Snlrad. Faun. Pal. I've. p. 168; Shnrjir. 



