192 ORIOLID^. 



Ibis, 1870, p. 215 ; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 53; Heugl. Ont. N.O.-Afr. 



i. p. 400 ; Newt. ed. Van: Br. B. i. p. 233 ; Gurney in Anderss. B. 



Dam. Ld. p. 124 ; Hume, S. F. 1873, p. 182 ; Irbi/, B. Gibr. p. 125 ; 



Dresser, B. Eur. part xliii. 

 Coracias oriolus, Scop. Ann. i. p. 41. 



Coracias galbiila, Bechst. Gemeinn. Naturg. V. D. i. p. 1292. 

 Oriolus galbula, Tar. virescens, Ehr. Si/mb. Fhysic. fol. x. 

 Oriolus aui'eiis, Brehm, Viig. Deutschl. p. 150. 

 Oriolus garrulus, Brehm, t. c. p. 157. 



Nestling. Above dull yellowisli green, the feathers M'ith margins of 

 very pale yellow ; wings greyish black, the primaries edged and tipped 

 with white, the secondaries externally washed with dull olive-yellow 

 and tipped with brighter pale yellow, as are also the wing-coverts; 

 primary-coverts tipped with j'cllowish white ; tail-feathers olive- 

 greenish, tipped with bright yellow, extending gradually further up 

 the inner web on the outer feathers, most of the rectrices with a more 

 or less perceptible subterminal shade of black ; under surface of 

 body greyish white, purer on the abdomen, the breast streaked down 

 the centre of the feathers with greyish bro\\n, these streaks obsolete 

 on the throat ; thighs and under tail-coverts lemon-yellow, as also 

 the under wing-coverts; bill dark horn-brown, paler on the under 

 mandible. 



Young. Golden yellow above, tinged with olive-green ; quiUs and 

 wing-coverts brownish black, tinged with olive-green ; tail-feathers 

 marked as in the adult, but the feathers olive-green, blackish towards 

 the tip ; throat and breast grey, with black stripes ; Hanks blight 

 yellow, with fainter stripes ; loral spot indistinct, dusky ; bill 

 brownish red ; feet black. Total length 9'o inches, of bill from 

 front 1, from gape 1-2, wing 5-9, tail 3-3, tarsus 8, middle toe 7, 

 hind toe 4. 



Adult male. Above rich golden yellow ; wing-coverts black, the 

 cubital coverts with a narrow tip of yellow ; primary-coverts black, 

 broadly edged with yellow, formiog a conspicuous spot ; quills black, 

 lighter underneath, the secondaries edged towards the tip with yel- 

 lowish white ; tail black, the middle feathers entirely of this colour, 

 with a spot of yellow at the tip, all the other feathers black at the 

 base, j'ellow towards the tip, the outer feathers having more yellow 

 than black ; a spot between the base of the bill and the eye black ; 

 entire under surface golden yellow ; bill dull reddish ; feet leaden 

 grey; iris blood-red. Total length 9 inches, of bill from front 1, 

 from gape 2"2, wing 5'9, tail 3-1, tarsus 8, middle toe •?, hind 

 toe "4. 



Ohs. The bird described above as a young bird is the same as that 

 characterized by me in my paper on African Orioles as the " Adult 

 female ;" this identification I now believe to be an error. Mr. Blyth, 

 indeed, has insisted that in the adult birds the plumage is exactly 

 alike, the female being only slightly tinged with green on the upper 

 surface. It follows, then, that the birds with greyish white breasts 

 are young, and that streaks on the breast are a sign of immaturity. 

 The specimens now before me bear out Mr. Blyth's surmise ; for 



