308 TIJIELIID^. 



Harting, Handb. Br. B. p. 10 (1872) ; Altum, Forstzoologie, p. 207 

 (1873) ; Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 4-5 (1875) ; Saunders, Bull. Soc. Zool. 

 France, ii. p. 15 ( 1877 ) ; Tacz. t. c. p. 139. 

 Aquatilis cinclus, Mont. Orn. Diet. Suppl. Cat. p. 2 (1813, nee L.). 

 Ciuclus europaeus, Leach, Si/st. Cat. Mamm. etc. p. 21 (1816) ; Steph. 

 Gen. Zool. X. p. 313, pi. 30 (1817) ; Macqill. Brit. B. ii. p. 50 (1839). 

 Cinclus albicollis, pt., Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. i. p. 219. 

 Cinclus medius, Brehm, Vog, Deutsckl. p. 395, cuin fig. (1831) ; id. 



Naum. 1856, p. 185. 

 Hydrobata ciuclus. Gray, LiM Gen. B. 1841, p. 35 ; id. Gen. B. i. 

 p. 215 (1846) ; Bh/th, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 153 (1849) ; Degl. 

 et Gerhe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 399 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 263, 

 no. 3899 (1869). 

 Cinclus meridionalis, Brehm, Naum. 1856, p. 186. 

 Cinclus rufipectoralis, Brelun, t. c. p. 186. 

 Cinclus peregrinus, Brehm, t. c. p. 187. 

 Cinclus rupestris, Brehm, t. e. p. 188. 



Adult male (Penmyre, S. Wales). General colour above dark 

 grey, aU the feathers edged -^ith black, producing a mottled ap- 

 pearance ; wing-coverts and quiUs blackish brown, edged with grey ; 

 bastard wing- and primary-coverts dark brown ; the grey margins 

 to the primaries narrower than those of the secondaries ; tail- 

 feathers ashy brown, the feathers tipped with dull rufous ; entire 

 head and hind neck, as well as the sides of the neck, sides of face, 

 and ear-coverts, clear chocolate-brown ; cheeks, throat, fore neck, 

 and chest pure white ; above and below the eye a spot of white ; 

 entire breast and remainder of under surface deep rufous ; the sides 

 of the body, thighs, vent, and under tail-coverts dark slaty brown ; 

 under wing-coverts dark brown, washed with slate-colour, the axil- 

 laries tipped with white ; quills dark brown below, ashy fulvous 

 above the inner web ; " bill bluish black, tinged with brown at the 

 edges ; palate white ; tongue blackish anteriorly, yellowish behind ; 

 tarsi and toes bluish grey tinged with brown ; claws dusky ; iris 

 pale brown, with a ring of black in the middle'' (Macc/ilUvray). 

 Total length 7-2 inches, culmen 0-So, wing 3-55, tail 2-15, tarsus 1*15. 

 Adult female (Penmyre). Like the male, but darker brown and 

 not so ashy on the flanks and under tail-coverts. Total length 

 6-G inches, culmen 0-8, wing 3-3, tail 2-1, tarsus 1-0,5. 



Young. Above dusky grey, with blackish edges to all the feathers, 

 producing a mottled appearance, some of the coverts also streaked 

 with black along the shafts ; wing-coverts and quills blackish, with 

 grey edgings, the quills with a very narrow margin of white at the 

 tip ; head and neck a little browner than the back, the feathers 

 having the same blackish margins ; above and below the eye a small 

 spot of white ; cheeks and under surface of body white, obscured 

 by dull-brown edgings to the feathers, the flank-feathers slaty grey 

 edged with black ; under tail-covcrts rufescent, with fulvous mesial 

 streaks and tips ; under wing-coverts like the breast, white with 

 blackish margins ; axillaries blackish, tipped with white. 



Young of the year after Jirst moult. ISimilar to the adult, but 

 very much darker, the upper surface being blackish, mottled slightly 



