312 TIMELIID^. 



The adult female in winter jjhimar/e (Oct. 26, 1874) differs from 

 the full-pliiniaged bird in having- whitj-brown margins to the 

 feathers of the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; these, 

 however, do not last long, as a female bird killed in November has 

 lost all traces of them (Mus. H. E. Dresser). The young female 

 after the autumn moult is distingnishcd by broad whity-brown 

 margins to the abdominal feathers and under tail-coverts: in this 

 respect it resembles the old hen bird after her moult; but it is 

 further distinguished by traces of dusky-brown margins on the 

 white throat and breast. These must be mere traces of the pre- 

 ceding young plumage, and doubtless soon disappear. 



The "Ulack-bellied AVhite-throated Dipper inhabits Scandinavia 

 and Northern liussia to the neighbourhood of Archangel, and occurs 

 in the Ural Mountains and in several provinces of liussia (c/. 

 Dresser, I. c). Accidental in severe winters on the coasts of 

 Northern Germany, Holland, and Belgium ; it has also been found 

 several times in the eastern counties of England. 



a. Ad. sk. Goteborg. J. Gould, Esq. 



b. c? ad. sk. Wermland, Jan. 22, 1873. W. Meves [C. 

 e. $ ad. sk. Wermland, Nov. 1872. W. Meves [C.' 

 d. $ jun. sk. South Sweden, Jan. 23, W. Meves [C 



1870. 



4. Cinclua cashmeriensis. 



Cincliis aquaticus, var. rufiventiis, Hempr. S^ Ehr. Symh. Phys. 



fol. bb ; Tristr. Ibis, 18.5i), p. 38. 

 Cinclus aquaticus, var. albiventris, Hempr. ^- Ehr. I. c. ; Tristr. I. c. 

 Cinclus aquaticus {nee Bechst.),3Ienetr. Cat.rais. Cauc. p. 29(1832); 



Gotdd, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 51 ; StricM. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 98 ; Eraser, 



P. Z. S. 1839, p. 120 ; Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 346 (1865) ; Tristr. 



Ibis, 1860, p. 191 ; Loche, Expl. Sci. Algerie, Ois. i. p. 305 (1867) ; 



Pelz. His, 1868, p. 313 ; Boyd. Birds of Cauc. p. 82 (1879); Dan- 

 ford, Ibis, 18S0, p. 84. 

 Hvdrobata cinclus, Ada^ns, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 489, 1859, p. 180. 

 Cinclus eashmeriensis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 474; id. B. Asia, 



pt. xii. (1860) ; Snhin, Ibis, 1867, p. 117 ; Blanf. J. A. S. Beng. 



xli. p. 48 ; Hume, Str. E. 1879, p. 94 ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 4-38. 

 Hvdrobata cashmeriensis, Jerd. B. India, i. p. 507 (1862) ; Blyth, 



~Ibis, 18G6, p. 374 ; Stoliczka, J. A. S. Beng. 1868, p. 33 ; Gray, 



Iland-l. B. i. p. 267, no. 3903 ; Hume c^- Henders. luhore to Yark. 



p. 189 (1873) ; Prjemdski, in Dawson Bowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 201 



(1877) ; David (§-' Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 147 (1878) ; Biddulph, 



Ibis, 1881, p. 52. • 

 Cinclus aquaticus, var. leucogastev, Middend. JReis. Sibir., Zool. p. 163 



(1851); Radde, Sibir. Reis., Vdg. p. 218 (18G3). 

 Cindus leucogaster, Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. 136 (1876) ; 



Seebohm, Ibis, 1880, p. 190. 

 Cinclus aquaticus, var. cashmiriensis, Blanf. East. Pers. ii. p. 212 



(1876). 



Adult (type of species). General colour above chocolate-brown 

 on the head and neck, deepening gradually into dark brown on the 

 back ; lower back and rump dull slaty brown, a little clearer on the 



