45. ciNCLUs, 315 



137 (nos. 240, 241) ; id. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1844) ; Gray, 

 Cat. Mamm. ^x; Kepal pres. Hodgs. p. 78 (184o). 



Cinclus maculatus, Hudys. in Gray^s Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1844). 



Hydrobata asiatica, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 21-5 (1846) ; Bhjth, Cat. B. 

 'Mus. As. ISoc. p. 158 "(l840) ; Ilorsf. 4" Muore, Cat. B. E.I. Co. 

 Mus. i. p. 1B5 (1854) ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 489, 1859, p. 180; 

 Jerd. B. Ind. p. 500 (1862); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 375; Stoliczka, 

 Ibis, 1868, p. 33 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 266, no. 3902 ; Godioin- 

 Ai/st. J. A. S. Bang, xxxix. p. 102 (1870) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 133 ; 

 Hume li)- Renders. Lahore to Yark. p. 188 (1873) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 

 1881, p. 52; Sadly, t.c. p. 437. 



Cinclus tenuirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 252 (1850, ex Gould MSS.). 



Hydrobata sp., Stoliczka, Ibis, 1868, p. 33. 



Adult. General colour above and below light choeolate-brown, a 

 little more sooty brown on the chin and lores and sides of face ; the 

 lower abdomen also somewhat more sooty brown in colour ; lesser 

 wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts, as weU as 

 the quills, blackish brown with chocolate-brown margins, a little more 

 ashy on the edges of the primaries ; tail dark brown, paler edged 

 at the tips of the feathers ; axillaries and under wing-coverts dark 

 chocolate-brown ; quills ashy brown below, lighter on the inner 

 webs ; " biU black ; legs pale brown ; soles of the feet yeUow ; iris 

 dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length T'O inches, ciilmen 0-85, 

 wing 3-8, tail 2-2.5, tarsus 1"1.5. 



Many specimens have a somewhat mottled appearance, the feathers 

 of the iipper surface being pale brown at the tips, these light- 

 coloured ends being apparently abraded by age, so that they are 

 often inconspicuous. The under surface does not appear to get 

 mottled, and usually preserves a uniform brown colour. 



Young. Ashy grey all over, mottled with bufly- white spots, which 

 are subterminal between two blackish bars ; the spots on the head 

 smaller and more in the form of stripes ; the ear-coverts rather 

 broadly streaked with dull white ; wing-coverts tipped with white 

 spots, as also are the primary-coverts ; quills dull brown, edged 

 with dull whitish and tipped with the same, rather more plainly on 

 the secondaries ; tail-feathers ashy brown, with faint white tips ; 

 throat white, mottled with dusky-brown margins to the feathers ; 

 under surface of body like the upper, but more broadly mottled with 

 white ; the feathers of the abdomen very distinctly tijjped with 

 white ; under wing-coverts white, with dusky bases. 



The Himalayan Dipper breeds in Turkestan, and is found in 

 Afghanistan, and thence throughout the whole of the Himalayas 

 from Cashmere to Bootan and the Khasia HilL>. Abbe David con- 

 cludes that birds of "Western China are 0. pallasi. 



a. Ad. sk. Himalayas. India Museum. 



h. Ad. St. Himalayas. 



c. Ad. sk. Assam. Gould Collection. 



d. Ad. sk. Bootan (^Pemberton). India Museum. 



('. Juv. sk. Bootan. Gould Collection. 



f. Ad. sk. Nepal {Hodgson). Gould Collection. 



g, h. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 

 /, k. .\d. ; k'. Jut. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 



