i 



45. CINCLTTS. 319 



Oaxaca) have blacker bills than the Eritish-Columbian specimens, 

 and have less of the whitish edgings to the under surfaces. This is 

 probably owing to their being shot at a dilf'erent season of the 

 year. 



Autumnal and winter specimens have numerous transverse ci'e- 

 sceuts of whitish on lower parts and wings — these especially con- 

 spicuous posteriorly ; the secondaries are also conspicuously termi- 

 nated with a white crescent. Bill brown, paler towards base of lower 

 mandible. In spring and summer the bill is entirely black, and 

 the whitish markings almost entirely disappear ; the yoiing bird has 

 a greater amount of white beneath than the adult iu winter dress, 

 and this white is disposed in longitudinal, not transverse, suffusions. 

 The colour of the legs appears to be the same at all seasons. {Baird, 

 Brewer, and Bidgway.) 



The American Dipper is confined to the mountainous regions of 

 North America west of the Mississippi, from Alaska southwards to 

 Western Mexico and Guatemala. 



a. Ad. sk. Massachusetts. John Gould, Esq. 



b, c. Ad. sk. Vancouver Island. J. K. Lord, Esq. [C.]. 

 d, e. Ad. sk. Sumass, British Co- J. K. Lord, Esq. [C.J. 



lumbia. 

 f,(/,h. (S ad.; i. $ ad. sk. West side of Rocky J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]. 



Mountains. 

 k. d juv.sk. West side of Rocky J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]. 



Mountains. 

 /. Ad. sk. Mount Shasta, 7000 LordWalsingham[P.]. 



feet. 

 m. Ad. sk. California. Mr. Bridges [C.]. 



10. Cinclus ardesiacus. 



Ciuelus ardesiacus, Sahin, Ibis, 1867, p. 121, pi. ii. ; Lmcr. Ann. Li/c. 



New York, ix. p. 92 (1869); v. Frantzius, J.f. O. 1869, p. 290; 



<S'e/. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 3 (1873) ; Baird, Brejcer, atid 



Ridf/way, N. Amer. B. i. p. 50 (lb74) ; Salv. ^- Godm. Biol. Centr.- 



Amer., Aves, i. p. 45. 

 Hydrobata ardesiaca, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 267, no. 3911 (1869). 



Adult female (Cordillera de Tole, Veragua, Arce : tj-pe of species). 

 Above delicate ashy grey ; the head a little more dingy, fonning an 

 obscure cap : least wing-coverts like the back ; the median and 

 greater coverts, as well as the quills, blackish brown, narrowly 

 edged with the same grey as the back ; the primaries more narrowly 

 margined than the secondaries, which have a very narrow white 

 fringe at the tip : tail-feathers blackish brown, washed with grev ; 

 lores brownisli, like the crown ; car-coverts ashy grey, washed with 

 brown on the upper margin ; above and below the eye a small spot 

 of white ; cheeks and throat light ashy brown, the rest of the under 

 surface delicate ashy grey ; under wing- and tail-covcrts darker 

 grey, edged with whitish, particularly along the edge of the wing; 

 quills dull aehy below, lighter along the inner web ; legs j'eUowish 



