320 TIJIT'LIID.E. 



in skin ; btll dark horn-brown. Total length 4-9 inches, culmen 0-8, 

 wing 3"4, tail I'G, tarsus 1"2. (J/us. Scdvln and Godman.) 



Young. Similar to the adult above, excepting that the greater 

 wing-coverts and quills have whitish tips to them ; sides of face and 

 under surface of bodj- creamj- white, the sides washed with grey ; 

 the under tail-coverts dusky grey, with dull whitish tips ; under 

 wing-coverts white ; the axillaries dusky grey, with whitish tips. 

 Total length 5-2 inches, culmen Ow, wing 3, taU. 1'6, tarsus 1"15. 

 (^Mus. Salvia and Godinan.) 



Salvin's Dipper is found in the high mountains of Guatemala and 

 Costa Rica. 



11. Cinclus leuconotus. 



Cinclus leucocephalus, Lcifr. Her. Zool. 1847, p. 68 {Tiec Tschudi). 

 Cinclus leuconotus, Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 274 ; id. Cat. Amer. B. 



p. 10, pi. ii. (18152) ; Baird, Itevietv Amer. B. p. 60 (1864) ; Salv. 



Ibis, 1867, p. 122 ; Scl. Sf Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 ; iid. Nomencl. 



Av. Neotr. p. 3 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 492. 

 Hydrobata leuconota, Gray, Sand-l. B. i. p. 267, n. 3906. 



Adidt male (Frontino, U.S. Colombia ; T. K. Salmon). General 

 colour above black ; crown of head white, slightly varied towards 

 the nape with blackish centres, which afford a slightly streaked 

 appearance ; interscapulary region pure white : the lateral feathers 

 adjoining the scapulars black externally, white internally, the whole 

 forming a large patch of white in the middle of the back ; wings 

 black, the quills a little browner towards the tips ; tail black ; lores, 

 feathers in front of and round the eye, as well as the ear-coverts, 

 black ; the cheeks, sides of face, and under surface of body pure 

 white ; the sides of the body black, as well as the under tail-coverts, 

 the latter being tipped with white, as also are the thigh-feathers ; 

 the flank-plumes somewhat mottled with white, many of the 

 feathers being longitudinally streaked and tipped -with white ; under 

 wing-coverts and axillaries black, the latter tipped with white ; 

 quills black below, with a broad patch of white on the inner webs, 

 forming a conspicuous band across the wing; " iris dark" ( 7*. ^. 

 Salmon). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-2, taU 1-7, 

 tarsus 1-15. {Mus. Salvin and Godman.) 



Adult female (Frontino, T. K. Salmon). Similar to the male. 

 Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-4, tail 1-75, tarsus 1*1. 



Younger birds appear to be a little more dingy, and to have more 

 or less white edgings to the feathers of the lower back and upper 

 tail-coverts, while the size of the white patch on the back is some- 

 what reduced. This and the amount of blackish stripes on the 

 head are characters which appear to vary greatly in the species, 

 probably with the age of the bird. 



The White-backed Dipper inhabits the mountains of Venezuela, 

 Colombia, and Ecuador. 



a, h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 



c. Juv. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 



