3. BUBO. 15 



Lapom. Rich. Orn. p. 80; ScU. Mus.P.-B. Oti, p. 7; Nnvt. Ooth. 



Wolley. p. 160 ; Degl. Sf Gerhe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 141 ; Loche, Expl. 



Sci. d'Alf/Sr. Ois. p. 100; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 43; Heugl. Orn. 



N.O.-Afr. i. Tp. 110; Gould., B. Gt. Br. pi. xxx. ; Hume, Rough 



Notes, ii. p. 374 ; Bettoni, tlcc. Lomb. i. tav. 107 ; Salvad. Faun. 



Ital. Ucc. p. 32, 

 Bubo germanicus, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 119. 

 Bubo septentrionalis, Brehm, Vrig. Deutschl. p. 120. 

 Bubo europseus, Less. Traite, p. 115, pi. 17. lig. 1. 

 Asio bubo, Swains. Classif. B, ii. p. 217. 

 Otus bubo, Schl. Rev. Crit. p. xiii. 



Bubo atheniensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 48; Taczan. J.f. O. 1870, p. 39. 

 Bubo grandis, Brehm, J.f. O. 1853, p. 346. 

 Bubo bubo, LicM. Nomencl. Av. p. 7. 

 Bubo melanotus, Breh7n, Naum. 1855, p. 270. 



Nestling. Covered with down of a dull white colour, the incipient 

 feathers being of a dull tawny buff-colour, barred across with 

 blackish. 



Adult male. General colour above blackish, mottled and varied 

 with yellowish tawny colour ; head blackish, the tawny vermicula- 

 tions being confined to the terminal margins and a few lateral bars 

 on each side of the feather, so that the centre of the latter remains 

 blackish ; ear-tufts black, 3"2 inches long, excepting near the basal 

 half of the inner web of the interior plumes, which are tawny buff, 

 with narrow blackish vermiculations ; nape and hind neck much 

 paler than the crown, the feathers being for the most part tawny 

 buff with broad black centres, from which spring on each side narrow 

 black transvermiculating lines ; back again darker, the feathers being 

 mostly black, the half-concealed bases tawny buff, vermiculated and 

 irrorated coarsely with black ; scapulars whitish externally or fulvous, 

 sparingly transvermiculatcd with black, and forming an indistinct 

 shoulder-patch ; wing-coverts blackish, the least series very slightly 

 varied with tawny buff, the median and greater aeries more fre- 

 quently mottled with this character, the latter whitish at tip, with 

 narrow irregular cross lines of black, forming an indistinct bar across 

 the wing ; primary coverts blackish, only slightly mottled with 

 fulvous near the base of the outer web ; quiUs dai'k brown, regularly 

 barred with tawny buff, all the bars very minutely dotted with black 

 on the outer web, the inner web for the most part tawny, most irre- 

 gularly mottled with wavy lines, dots, and markings of black ; the 

 secondaries not so distinctly barred with tawny buff, all the lighter 

 spots on the outer web obscured by minute spots and markings of 

 dark brown, the inner webs much more plainly barred with tawny, 

 none of these bars, however, being without brown vermiculations ; 

 the innermost secondaries blackish, mottled with fulvous all over, the 

 tip whitish, as also of all the secondaries ; lower back, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts more tawny than the back, the former coarsely 

 barred, and the latter vermiculated with blackish, especially on the 

 tail-coverts, which are whitish at tip ; tail brown, the centre feathers 

 vermiculated all round the margins with fulvous, and having three or 

 four irregularly indicated bands, consisting of a few whitish spots of 



