11. NINOX. 179. 



Si/n. p. 105; Grat/, Jland-I. li. i. p. 40; Bii/glc'^, Oni. Austr 



pi. 

 Athene rufa, Gmild, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 18; icl. £. Amir. i. pi. ,36; 



Cass. Cat. Stngidce rhilad. Mm. p. 16 ; ^^j. Consp. i. ]). 4.". : Strickl. 



Orn. Sf/)i. p. IGo. 

 leraglaiix" streuua, Kaup, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 109; id. Tr. Z. <S'. iv. 



p. 220. 

 lerafrlaux riifus, Kaup, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 100 ; id. Tr. Z. S. iv. p. 220. 

 Rhabdog-laux rufus, Up. lev. et Mac/, de Zool. 1854, p. 544. 

 Noctua stremia, Sdd. Blti.f. I'.-B. Strifies, p. 40. 

 Ilieracojrlaux streniius, Goidd, JIandb. li. Amtr. i. p. 08. 

 Hieracog-laux rufus, Guufd, I. c. p. 69. 

 Niuox strenua, Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 258. 



Young. Head, neck, and under surface of body pure white, all 

 the feathers fluffy, apparently the remains of nestling-plumage ; 

 on the crown some brown feathers barred across with white ; the 

 forehead streaked with brown, the lores obscured by blackish 

 bristles, as also the eyebrows and cheeks ; ear-coverts dark brown, 

 streaked with white : the under surface with a few narrow shaft- 

 streaks of dark brown, broader on the flanks and sides of the body, 

 the plumes on the sides of the upper breast barred with brown ; 

 the back and all the rest of the upper surface ashy brown, trans- 

 versely barred with white, some of the bars washed with rufous ; 

 quills dark brown, barred with lighter brown, these lighter bars in- 

 clining to white on either margin ; tail dark brown, tipped with 

 ■white and crossed besides by five narrower whitish bars. 



Adult. Above dark brown, numerously banded on the whole of 

 the upper surface with pale brown, inclining to whitish on the sca- 

 pulars and feathers of the lower back ; wing-coverts dark brown 

 like the back, barred with rufous brown, more broadly on the 

 greater seiies, which are likewise externally barred and tipped with 

 white ; primary-coverts blackish brown, tipped and crossed with 

 two bars of ashy brown ; quills brown, tipped with whitish, and 

 crossed with regular transverse bands of lighter brown, whitish on 

 the inner and inclining more or less to rufous on the outer 

 webs ; upper tail-coverts dark brown, barred with white, very few 

 of the bars washed with rufous ; tail dark brown, tipped with ashy 

 whitish, and crossed with six bands of whity bro\vn, inclining to pure 

 white on the inner webs ; head dark brown like the back, minutely 

 barred and spotted on cither web with paler brown : sides of face 

 ashy brown, streaked with whitish, the lores and fore part of cheeks 

 white with blackish shaft-streaks ; behind the ears a partial ruff of 

 whitish feathers, streaked with dark brown ; sides of neck dark 

 brown, streaked with fulvous, some of the plumes barred with 

 whitish or ochre ; throat ochraceous buff, broadly streaked with 

 dark brown ; the rest of the under surface white, barred with brown, 

 the chest washed with ochraceous, and more closely barred than on 

 the breast ; under tail-coverts white, with broad arrow-shaped bars 

 of dark brown ; leg-feathers ochraceous, with indistinct bars of 

 brown ; under wing-coverts whitish, washed with ochre, and very 

 thickly barred with dark brown, the greater series ashy brown, 



n2 



