1 92 i' rscicAPi D.E. 



\o tile i|uills, and baviug a large white patch, formed of the iuuor- 

 luowt median and greater coverts and the white bases to the inner- 

 most secondaries ; sides of face, throat, and fore neck black, succeeded 

 by a small chest-itatch of orange-chestnut, the whole of the breast, 

 abdomen, and under tail-coverts being pure white, which encroaches 

 along the sides of the breast and extends on the sides of the neck, 

 where it forms almost a half-collar, the adjoining feathers of the 

 hind neck being black with more or less white on their outer webs ; 

 under Aving-coverts black, with narrow white edges ; axillaries 

 white, with dusky grey bases ; (juills blackish below, edged with 

 white along the inner webs ; " bill black ; feet lead-colour ; iris 

 dusky " (Ilartlaub). Total length -i-9 inches, culmcn 0-5, wing 2-6, 

 tail 2, tarsus 0*9 . 



Adult Male in ivinter plaiiiuije. Differs from the summer plumage 

 in having the black plumage obscured by sandy-rufous edgings to 

 the feathers. 



Adult feiuale. Different from the male. General colour above 

 blackish brown, the feathers obscurely margined with ashy fulvous, 

 producing a mottled appearance, which is more conspicuous on the 

 head ; wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, with ashy fulvous 

 margins, and having a small white patch, produced by the innermost 

 ' median and greater coverts and the white bases to the innermost 

 secondaries ; upper tail-coverts sandy rufous with white bases ; 

 tail-feathers dark brown, lighter brown at their tips and inclining 

 to whity brown at the end and along the outer web of the external 

 feathers ; lores, feathers round the eye, and an indistinct eyebrow 

 ashy whitish, with dusky bases to the feathers ; ear-coverts rufescent 

 brown, with fulvous streaks along the centre of the feathers ; cheeks 

 and sides of neck mottled, the plumes being brown with fulvous or 

 white edgings ; throat ashy whitish, slightly washed with rufous, 

 the shaft-streaks white, the lower feathers edged with brown ; fore 

 neck and chest pale orange-rufous, the sides of the body, thighs, 

 and under tail-coverts washed with the same colour ; centre of the 

 breast and abdomen buffy white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 white, with dusky grey ba^es ; quills ashy brown below, whitish 

 along the edge of the inner webs. Total length 4-4 inches, culmen 

 0-5, wing 2-55, tail 2, tarsus 0-9. 



Young. Blackish brown above, varied with longitudinal streaks of 

 fulvous down the feathers, smaller on the head ; the back and sca- 

 pulars washed with dull sandy rufous, T\'ith a black terminal edging; 

 wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, tipped with sandy rufous or 

 buffy white, the inner secondaries more broadly edged with rufous, 

 the white wing-patch only represented by white mesial streaks to 

 the inner greater coverts ; upper tail-coverts dull sandy rufous ; 

 tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with sandy rufous, and becoming 

 paler towards the ends, which have pale brown tips and terminal 

 margins ; feathers over the eye and ear-coverts blackish, longitudi- 

 nally streaked with sandy buff; lores fulvcscent, with lighter shaft- 

 lines ; throat dull buflf-colour, mottled with dark brown edges to 

 tbe feathers ; remainder nf under surface dull orLinge-rufous, edged 



