194 iirscicAPiD.i':. 



to the feathers show through ; fore neck, breast, and sides of body 

 pale orange-rufous ; the centre of the body buffy whitish, pure white 

 on the under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish 

 with dusky bases ; quills ashy brown below, whitish along the inner 

 webs. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2"6, tail 1-9, 

 tarsus 0-S. 



Hab. N.E. Africa, ranging to South-eastern Europe as high as 

 tlie river Ural in 47° N. lat. {teste Severtzoff). 



a. (5 ad. .sk. Annesley Bav, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 



h. ?$ ad. sk. Thebes, 'Egypt. Dr. Leith Adams [P.]. 



c. 5 ad. sk. Bogos Land {Esler). R. B. Sharps, Esq. 



11. Pratincola leucura. 



Pratincola leucura, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 474 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. 

 A. S. B. p. 170; Bp. Consp. i. p. 305; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 126; 

 Gotdd, B. Asia, part xviii. ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3285 ; 

 Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 183, 1874, p. 478, 1875, p. 1.35 ; Blyth Sf 

 Wald. B. Burm. p. 102 ; Hume 8f Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 335. 



Adult male in summer plumage. General colour above jet-black, 

 with remains of sandy-brown edgings to the scapulars ; rump a httle 

 greyer than the back ; upper tail-coverts white, two centre tail- 

 feathers blackish brown, white at the base, the remaining feathers 

 dark brown on the outer web, white on the inner ; the wings black, 

 the quills browner, with obsolete paler margins ; a white wing- 

 patch, formed by the innermost median and greater coverts and the 

 white outer webs of the innermost secondaries ; sides of the head and 

 throat black, followed by a patch of orange-rufous occupying only 

 the fore neck and chest ; remainder of under surface white, slightly 

 washed with orange on the sides of the body ; on each side of the 

 lower throat a triangular white patch reaching backwards onto the 

 sides of the neck ; under wing-coverts black edged with white, the 

 axillaries white with black bases ; quills dull brown below, whitish 

 along the inner webs. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 

 2-6, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-8. 



Adult male in u'inter p)lumage. Above sandy brown, almost uni- 

 form, the black centres to the feathers being etfectually concealed ; 

 upper tail-coverts white, sandy rufous at their ends ; tail-feathers 

 dark brown, edged with sandy colour, the inner webs white, slightly 

 shaded with sandy buff at the tips ; wings black, with broad sandy- 

 brown edges to the feathers, the inner secondaries margined with 

 rufous, some of the feathers forming the white wing-patch edged 

 with brown ; a loral line of ashy white ; feathers in front of and 

 round the eye black, with sandy-brown edgings ; throat black, 

 obscured by ashy-whitish margins to the feathers ; on each side of 

 the lower throat a white patch half concealed by rufous tips to the 

 feathers ; breast and sides of body orange-rufous, the feathers edged 

 with sandy buff ; plumes on the sides of the upper breast white, 

 tipped rufous ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with dusky 



