10. CEXOPS. 27 



Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 1 ( 18G7) ; Scl. ^- *«/i\ P. Z. S. 18(37, p. 988 ; 



iid. NomencJ. Av. Neotr. p. 123 (1873). 

 Cathartes iota, Cass. U. S. Expl. E.vp. p. 83, pi. 1 (18o8). 

 Cathartes urubitinga, Scl. S,- Salv. P. Z. S. 18(J7, p. 589. 



Adult. Entirely black, with purplish reflections ; shafts of quills 

 and tail-feathers brown above, white below, the lower surface of 

 both ashy browu, much paler than the upper ; head yellow ; iris 

 u'liite. Total length 25 inches, culmcn 2-75, wing 19-75, tail 11, 

 tarsus 2-5. 



Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Peru. 



a. Ad. sk. North side of River Amazon. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 



b. Juv. sk. Arequipa, Peru, July 30, 1867. H. Whitely, Esq. [C.J. 



3. CEnops falMandica. (Plate II. fig. 1.) 



Cathartes aura, Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 149 ; Cimninqh. Ibis, 1868, 

 p. 494 ; Scl. S,- Salv. Ibis, 18C9, p. 284 ; Ctmninrjh. 'Str. of Magell. 

 p. .355 (1871). 



Catharista falklandica, Sharpe, Ann. N. H. (4) xi. p. 133 (1873). 



Adult. Black, with a blue gloss, some of the wing-coverts and 

 inner secondaries inclining to brownish ; median wing-coverts and 

 secondaries very distinctly shaded with whitish ashy ; quills brown, 

 slightly paler externally, shafts brown above, white beneath ; tail 

 brown, with a slight greenish gloss near the base, the under surface 

 paler and inclining to ashy white ; crop-patch bare ; under surface 

 of body black, with a slight greenish gloss ; head and neck bare, 

 pink in life ; no distinct ruff, but the feathers of the neck slightly 

 impending on the crop ; iris brown ; feet pink. Total length about 

 29 inches, culmen 3-1, wing about 19-2, tail lO'S, tarsus 2'6*. 



Hah. Palkland Islands. 



a. Ad. St. Berkeley Sound, F. I. Antarctic Expedition. Type of species. 



b. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. Antarctic Expedition. 



Cassin described CEnops iota at one time as smaller, and at another as larger 

 than Q?. aura. The specimen figured by Cassin as ffi. iota (Molina) is the 

 small black species of Amazonia and Peru, here named ffi. jjernigra. He does 

 not mention that a Chilian specimen is figured; and as Turkey Vultures were 

 collected in many localities by tlie expedition, it is probable that the bird figured 

 was not from Chili. All the specimens I have seen from the latter country 

 seem identical with C. aura of N. America ; but D'Orbigny's coloured plate 

 illustrates a bird distinct from that species, and doubtless my Q^lnops pcrnigra. 

 The ordinary Vulture of Western Brazil still remains unidentified by me ; but 

 should it be the same as the Amazonian bird, the species may have to be called 

 CEnops ruficoUis (Spix). My birds' heads, however, are so distinctly yellow 

 that I cannot believe in their identity with Spis's species. They are also rather 

 smaller than the Turkey Vulture of N. America, and always of a deeper black 

 colour, as is shown by Cassin's excellent figiu'e (/. c). Mr. Allen, moreover, 

 states that the Brazilian bird is identical with tlie Chilian. I examined a bird 

 from Surinam in the Leiden Museum, and believe it to be identical with CE. 

 perniyra, and not with CE. aura. It measured 26 inches in length, and had the 

 wing 21. Another from Brazil (Jso. 5 of SchlegeFs Cat.) was 24'5 inches long, 

 and measured 20o in the wing. 



* There can be little doubt that this species is quite distinct from CE. aura, 

 wliich it resembles much in plumage, but is distinguished bv the grey on the 



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