16. CIECU8. 53 



Vog. Nederl. pis. 15-17 (1854) ; Strickl. Orn. Si/n. p. 147 (1855) ; 



Heivits. Eggs Brit. B. i. p. 47 (1856) ; Smul. tSv. Fogl. pi. xxviii. 



figs. 1, 2 (i859) ; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Circi, p. 1 (1862) ; Jerd. B. Ind. 



i. p. 95 (1862) ; Radde, Betsen ttii Sud. v. Ost-Sibir. Zool. ii. p. 119 



(1863) ; Newt. Ooth. Wolley. p. 145 (1864) ; Goidd, B. Gt. Br. 



pt. xii. (1867) ; Degl. 8,- Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 107 (1867) ; Heuql. 



Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 104 (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 37 (18G9); 



Hume, Rouq'h Notes, ii, p. 293 (1870); Neu-t. ed. Yarr. Brit. B. i. 



p. 132(1871); Salmd. Faun. Ital. ?7ee. p.24 (1871); tSu-inh.P.Z.S. 



1871, p. 342; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 182 (1872) ; Schl. Mus. F.-B. 



Revue Accipitr. p. 39 (1873). 

 Circus pj'gargus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 41 (1826). 

 Circus cinereus, Brehtn, Vog. Deutschl. p. 94 (1831). 

 Buteo cyaneus, Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr. p. 89 (1835). 

 Strigiceps pygargus, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. ^ N. Am. p. 5 (1838). 

 Strigiceps cyaneus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 35 (1850) ; Fritsch, Viiq. Eur. 



Taf. 9. fig: 6, Taf. 10. fig. 8 (1858) ; Loche, E.ipl. Alg. Ois. \. p. 90 



(1867). 

 Strigiceps nigTipennis, Brehm, Natmi. 1855, p. 269. 

 Strigiceps pallens, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 269. 

 Strigiceps cinereus, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 269. 



Young male. Distinguished from the adult female by the length of 

 the wing, which does not reach 14 inches in length. Brown, like the 

 latter, but always more rufous, especially underneath and about the 

 head and neck ; facial ruff clear fulvous, streaked with dark brown ; 

 feathers above, around, and below the eye pure white, forming a very 

 conspicuous facial patch ; under surface of body tawny rufous, with 

 dark brown streaks, narrower towards the abdomen ; upper tail-coverts 

 white, with mesial streaks of rufous brown ; tail tawny rufous, ful- 

 vous at tip, with four broad cross bands of black ; the interspaces 

 ashy on the two central feathers only. 



Adult male. Above clear bluish ash-colour, paler and more silvery 

 grey on greater wing-coverts, which are also slightly margined with 

 whitish ; below clear bluish ashy as far as the lower breast ; the 

 rest of the under surface pure white, including the under wing- 

 coverts and axillary plumes ; frontal plumes and lores whitish, the 

 facial ruff also slightly mottled with white ; secondary quills silvery 

 grey with black shafts and an indistinct blackish subterminal band, 

 much more distinct below ; the primaries blackish both above and 

 below, white at base of inner web ; upper tail-coverts white ; tail 

 ashy grey, tipped with white ; the four centre feathers entirely uni- 

 form, with white shafts, the others more and more white on inner 

 web, and having more or less remains of ashy bars ; cere yellow ; 

 bill bluish black ; feet yellow ; claws black ; iris yellow. Total 

 length 22 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 13-6-13"8, tail 8-5-9-0; tar- 

 sus 2-9. 



Adult feynale. Above brown; the feathers of the crown slightly 

 washed with rufous, with which colour the feathers are margined ; 

 the nape and hind neck pale tawny fulvous, broadly streaked with 

 dark brown ; scapulars and wing-coverts spotted with large oval 

 marks of pale tawny buff ; quills brown, tipped with whitish ; the 

 secondaries externally washed with ashy grey, barred with blackish 



