16. CIRCUS. 55 



2. Circus hudsonius. 



The Ring-tailed Hawk, Edwards, Birds, iii. pi. 107 (1750). 



The Marsh Hawk, Edw. Glean, ii. pi. 2Ul. tig-. 1 (17U0). 



L'Eperviei- tie la 13aye de Hudson, Urtss. Orn. iSuppl. p. 18 (1760, 



ex Edw.). 

 Falco hudsouius, Linn. S. N. i. p. 128 (17G6, ex Edw.). 

 Falco fuligiuosus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 278 (1788) ; Wils. Am. Orn. vi. 



p. 07, pi. 51. fig. 2 (i«12). 

 Falco eiu-opogistus, Duud. Traite, ii. p. 110 (1800). 

 Circus europogistus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pi. 8 (l807). 

 Circus hudsouius, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pi. (1807) ; Cass. B. Calif. 

 p. 108 (1855); Strickl. Orn. Syn. p. 150 (1855); Cass, in Baird, 

 B. N. Am. p. 38 (1800) ; Gray, Hund-l. B. i. p. 37 (1809) ; Cooper, 

 B. Calif, p. 490 (1871) ; Ross, B. Canad. p. (1871) ; Scl. ^- Salv. 

 Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 118 (1873). 

 Circus variegatus, Vieill. Ois. Am. iSept. p. 37 (1807). 

 Circus uliginosus, Vieill. torn. cit. p. 37 (1807). 

 Falco cyaneua, Audub. B. Am. pi. 366 (c. 1826) ; Bp. Am. Orn. ii. 



pi. 2 (1828). 

 Circus cyaneus, Bp. Ami. Lye. N. Y. ii. p. 33 (1828) ; Aiidtib. B. N. 

 Am. i. p. 105, pi. xxiv. (1839) ; Allen, Btdl. Ilarv. Coll. ii. p. 331 

 (1871). 

 Buteo cyaneus, var. americanus, Siv. ^ Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am. p. 55, 



pi. 29 (1831 ). 

 Strigiceps uliginosus, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. H) N. Am. p. 5 (1838). 

 Strigiceps hudsonius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 35 (1850). 

 Circus cyaneus hudsonicus, Schl. Mas. P.-B. Circi, p. 2 (1862) ; id. 

 Rente, p. 48 (1873). 



Young. Above ashy brown with rufous margins to the feathers, 

 especially distinct on head and hind neck, causing a streaked ap- 

 pearance ; the wing-coverts conspicuously naargined, and marked on 

 both webs with large spots of tawny fulvous ; quills dark brown, 

 tipped with whitish, the primaries shaded externally with ashy grey 

 and barred on both webs with darker brown, more distinct below, 

 especially on the inner web, which is whitish washed with rufous 

 near the base ; upper tail-coverts pui'e white, with remains of nar- 

 row brown streaks on a few of the feathers ; middle tail-feathers 

 tawny fulvous tipped with whitish and crossed with four black bars, 

 except the central feathers, which are ashy grey with five blackish 

 cross bars, the subterminal one alwaj-s broadest ; sides of face, facial 

 ruff, throat, and chest deep tawny rufous with dark brown centres 

 to the feathers, especially broad and chstinct on the latter ; rest of 

 under surface rich tawny buff with minute mesial spots of rufous, 

 except on the flanks and sides of body, where they form cons^iicuous 

 mottlings ; axiUaries ashy brown with large spots of creamy bufi' on 

 both webs ; under wing-coverts tawny butf, with small dark-brown 

 spots and streaks. 



Adult male. Above dull bluish grey, darker and inclining to 

 brownish on the head, back, and scapulars ; the nape somewhat 

 mottled with buflPy white ; upper tail-coverts white ; lores, eyebrow, 

 and feathers under the eye white, the ear-coverts and facial ruft' 

 ashy grey, the latter slightly tinged with brownish ; chin whilish ; 



