96 FALCONID^. 



Gerbe, Orn. Europ. i. p. 96 (1867) ; Homey. J.f. O. 1868, p. 253 ; 



Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 59 (18G9) ; Su'ndev. Sv. Fogl. pi. xxvii. 



figs." 2, 3 (1869) ; 'Hume, Rough Notes, i. p. 112 (1869) ; Gray, 



Hand-l. B. i. p. 29 (1869) ; Gould, B. Gt. Br. part xv. (1869) ; 



Salvad. Faun. Ital. tlcc. p. 14 (1871) ; Neiot. ed. Yarr. Br. B. i. 



p. 83 (1871) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1871, p. 243 ; Stvinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 341 ; 



Finsch,Nactr.Heur/L\). xxiv (1871); Slwlki/, B. ^r/y^;<,p.l85(1872). 

 Buteo palumbarius, Flem. Brit. An. i. p. 54 (1828j. 

 Astur gallinamm, Brehm, T'oV/. Deutschl. p. 83 (1831). 

 Accipiter palumbarius, Macgill. Brit. B. iii. p. 340 (1840). 

 Astur indicus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 81 (1844). 

 Astur brachyrbynclius, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 269. 

 Astur paradoxus, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 269. 



Young. Above brown, the scapulars and wing -coverts largely- 

 marked at their bases with white, all the feathers of the upper 

 siirface broadly margined with ochraceous buff; head and neck 

 rufous ochre, the nape inclining to whitish, the crown broadly 

 streaked with dark brown, the hind neck largely marked with 

 spade-shaped spots of the same colour ; forehead, eyebrow, and 

 sides of the face whitish, narrowly streaked with dark brown ; 

 under surface of body ochraceous buff, inclining to white on the 

 throat and under taU-coverts, the entire under surface streaked 

 with dark brown, narrowly on the throat, thighs, and under tail- 

 coverts, more broadly on the chest and breast, developing into large 

 oval or spade-shaped spots on the flanks ; under wing-coverts 

 ochraceous birff, spotted or streaked with dark brown, the axillaries 

 barred with the same colour ; quills pale brown, barred with darker 

 brown, and externally freckled or spotted as well as broadly tipped 

 with ochraceous buff; tail light brown, crossed with five distinct 

 bands of darker brown and broadly tipped with white, the pale 

 brown interspaces miniitely freckled with darker brown and shading 

 into white on either margin, forming a wliite edging to the dark 

 brown cross bands ; feet yellowish brown, claws black ; cere, bill, 

 and iris as in adults. 



Adult male. Above ashy brown ; the quills brown, barred with 

 darker brown, the lower surface of the wing ashy grey, inclining to 

 white near the base, with dark brown cross bars becoming obsolete 

 on the inner quills ; tail ashy brown, tipped with white and crossed 

 with four * broad bands of dark brown, the lower one concealed by 

 the upper taU-coverts, the lowest of which are tipped with whitish ; 

 crown of head, ear-coverts, and sides of neck blackish, the hinder 

 neck slightly mottled with white ; lores, cheeks, and a line above 

 the ear-coverts white, streaked with blackish ; under surface white, 

 the black shaft-streaks distinctly indicated on the throat and breast, 

 all the lower parts thickly crossed with ashy brown bars, a little 

 less distinct on the thighs, the under tail- coverts entirely white ; 

 cere yellow ; bill bluish horn-colour ; iris orange. Total length 19-5 

 inches, culmen 1'5, wing 12-2, tail 9, tarsus 3. 



Adult female. Similar to the male, but a little larger. Total length 

 23 inches, wing 14, tarsus 3"4. 



* A specimen in the collection has the bands quite obsolete. 



