37. GVPAETUS. 229 



1871, p. .337; Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xv. (1872); Hume, Str. F. i. 



p. 1.51 (1873) ; id. S,- Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 170 (1873). 

 Vultur barbarus, Gm. S. X. i. p. ^oO (1788). 

 Falcn barbatus, Gm. S. 'N. i. p. 2-52 (1788). 

 Gypaetus aureus, Daud. Traite, ii. p. 2-5 (1800, ex Briss.). 

 Gypaetus alpinus, iJdiid. t. c. p. 2-5, pi. 10 (1800). 

 Gypaetus castaneus, Daud. t. c. p. 20 (1800). 

 Vultur leucocephalus, Mei/cr in Mei/er u. Wolf, Taschenb. deutsch. 



Vogelk. i. p. 9, Taf. 3 (1810). 

 Vultur melanocephalus, Meyer, t. c. p. 10, Taf. 1 (1810) ; Wolf, Ab- 



bi/d. 7»erkiu. Geqenst. pi. 1.5 (181()). 

 Phene ossifraga, Vicill. et Oud. Gal. Ois. pi. 8 (1825). 

 Gypaetus bemalacbauus, Hutton, J. A. S. B. vii. p. 22 (1838). 

 Gypaetus subalpiuus, Brehm, Isis, 1810, p. 771. 

 Gypaetus altaicus, Gebler, Bull. Soc. Acnd. St. Petersb. vi. p. 292 (1840). 

 Gypaetus barbatus occidentalis, Schl. Rev. Crit. p. xiii (1844). 

 Gypaetus occidentalis, Bp. Coa<sp. i. p. 11 (18.50) ; Salvad. Cat. Ucc. 



Sard. p. 16 (1864) ; Lilford, Ibis, 186-5, p. 169. 

 Gypaetus meridionalis, Brehm, Naum. 18.55, p. 267. 

 Gypaetus orientalis, Bli/th, Ibis, 1863, p. 2.5 (lapsu). 



Young. Head and nape all round including the throat blackish 

 brown, -with a tawny feather appearing here and there ; rest of the 

 plumage light brown, varied with an occasional dark brown feather 

 appearing, some of the dorsal plumes creamy white, as also are 

 several of the wing-coverts ; quills and tail paler than in the adults ; 

 the inner secondaries shaded with ashy; bill dull horn-colour; feet 

 dull lead-colour, claws black ; iris hazel-brown. 



Adult. Above black, on the rump a few brown feathers, some of 

 the scapulars washed with ochre-brown, shafts of all the back- 

 feathers white, more or less tinged vrith tawny buff, especially on 

 the wing-coverts, where they somewhat dilate towards the apex ; 

 quiUs brown, externally washed with ashy, the secondaries with 

 ochre-brown, the shafts of aU white, those of the primaries some- 

 what yellowish ; tail brown, shafts white, some of the outer feathers 

 more ashy; head white, the elongated lanceolate nape-feathers 

 tinged with bright tawny ; crown of the head and sides of the face 

 white ; bristles over the nostrils and a broad line on each side of the 

 crown black ; a few black feathers on the ceral portion of the beak, 

 and along the crown of the head, being a little more distinct on the 

 occiput ; under the eye a tinge of tawny ; on the cheeks a few black 

 feathers forming a black line below the ear ; on the chin a tuft of 

 long black bristles ; entire under surface of the body rich tawny, 

 with a few whitish feathers showing here and there ; under wing- 

 coverts dark brown, with pale tawny shaft-streaks dilated sUghtly 

 at the apes ; some of the feathers on the sides of the breast and the 

 axiUaries broadly margined with blackish brown ; bill bluish horn- 

 colour, the tip darker ; feet lead-colour, claws horn -brown ; iris pale 

 orange, sclerotic membrane blood-red. Total length about 41 inches, 

 culmen 3' 7, wing 29'5, tail 20, tarsus 4 (in skeleton 3-4). 



Nestling. Covered with dense smoky brown down, the feathers, 

 where they are appearing, being dark chocolate-brown, with a pur- 



