272 VALCOyiDM. 



black, with broad white tips to the feathers; sides of face pale 

 fawu-colour ; under surface of body buflPj' white, with a tinge of 

 fawn-colour on the breast, a little deeper on the thighs, some of the 

 flank-feathers brownish; under wing-coverts buffy white; quills 

 brown, the primaries blackish, indistinctly barred with darker 

 broAvn, not very plain below, where the inner lining of the wing is 

 glossy white ; tail brown, tipped with whitish, and crossed with three 

 bands of bUckish brown, the subterminal one much the broadest. 

 Total length 19-5 inches, wing 11-2, tail 9, tarsus 3. 

 Hab. Malacca and Eorneo. 



u. Juv. St. Borneo. J. Low, Esq. [C.]. Type of S. 



borneonensis. 

 h. Juv. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. Type 



of S. 7ianus. 

 c. Ad. St. Sunda Islands. Purchased. 



9. Spizaetus linmaetus. 



Falco Umnaetus, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 138 (1822) ; id. Zool. 



Ees. Java, pi. 36 (1824) ; Temm. PI Col. i. pi. 134 (1824). 

 Falco caligatus, Eajl. Tr. Litm. Soc. xiii. p. 278 (1822). 

 Falco niveus, Temm. PL Col. i. pi. 127 (1823). 

 Moi-phnus limnaetus, Viff. Zool. Journ. i. p. 325 (1824). 

 Morphnus niveus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 2. p. 19 (1825), 

 Astur niveus, Less. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 94 (1828). 

 Astur limnaetus, Less. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 94 (1828). 

 Limnaetus caligatus, Vig. Metn. Raffl. p. 649 (1830). 

 Limnaetus horsfieldii, Vig. Mem. Raffl. p. 649 (18.30). 

 Spizaetus niveus, Blyth, Ann. N. H. xii. p. 91 (1843). 

 Limnaetus niveus, Strickl. Ann. N. H. xiii. p. 33 (1844) ; Jerd. B. 



Lid. i. p. 71 (1862). 

 Limnaetus xmicolor, Blyth, Ann. N. H. xiii. p. 114 (1844). 

 Spizaetus caligatus, Gray, Cat. Accipitr. 1844, p. 8 ; id. Gen. B. i. 

 p. 14 (1845) ; Strickl. Orn. Syn. p. 70 (1855) ; Schl. Mns. P.-B. 

 Astures, p. 6 (1862, pt.) ; id. Fog. Nederl. Ind. Valkv. pp. 14, 53, 

 pis. 6, 7. figs. 1, 8 (1866) ; Wall. Ibis, 1868, p. 13; Gray, Hand-l. 

 B. i. p. 13 (1869) ; Hume, Rough Notes, i. p. 198 (1869). 

 Spizaetus limnaetus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 14 (1845); Strickl. Orn. 



Syn. p. 71 (1855). 

 Nisaetus caligatus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 174 (1845). 

 Spizaetus nipalensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 1179 (1847). 

 Nisaetus niveus, Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. p. 5 (1847). 

 Spizaetus cirratus (pt.), Schl. Mus. P.-B. Reitie Accipitr. p. 52 

 (1873). 



Nestliru/. Covered with snow-white down, the crown of the head 

 inclining to fawn-colour, the sprouting feathers blackish brown, the 

 greater wing- coverts tipped with white ; the few breast-feathers 

 visible white, with broad blackish cross bars. 



Young (type of species). Above clear brown, with faint terminal 

 margins of fulvous brown, the buff-coloured bases showing very con- 

 spicuously on all the upper parts, but especially distinct on the 

 wing-coverts, which are also broadly margined with buffy white ; 

 quills deep brown, the secondaries lighter and more purplish brown, 



