49. CIRCAETUS. 281 



Falco gallicus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 295 (1788). 



Aquila leucamphomma, Beklcer, Teutsche Orn. Ileft 9 (1804). 



Falco leucopsis, Bechst. Katun/. Deutschl. ii. p. ij't'2 (1805) ; Norchn. 



in Demid. Toy. iii. p. 95 (1840). 

 Aquila biacbydaetvla, Wolf, Taschenb. deutsch. Vogelk. i. p. 21 (1810); 



Bailhj, Oni. Sav. i. p. 108 (1853). 

 Accipiter bypoleucus, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 354 (1811). 

 Falco bvachvdactvlus, Temm. Man. p. 15 (1815) ; Kanm. Viig. 



Deutschl. '{. p. 236, pi. 15 (1822); Schl. u. Susem. Vog. Eur. Taf.35a 



(1839). 

 Circaetus gallicus, Vmll. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. vii. p. 137 (1817) ; 



Goidd, B. Eur. i. pi. 13 (1837) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. IG, pi. 7. fig. 7 



(1845) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. IG (1850) ; Strickl. Orn. Si/n. p. 45 (1855); 



Sarfl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 6 (1857) ; Fritsch, Voq. Eur. tab. G. fig. G 



(1859) ; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Buteones, p. 23 (1862) ; Pelz. Verh. z.-b. 



Wie)i, 1862, p. 169 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 76 (1862) ; Schl. Vog. Nederl. 



Ind. Valkv. pp. 35, 70, pi. 24. fig. 1 (1866); Deql. et Gerbe, Orn. 



Euro}), i. p. 50 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 14 (1869) ; Hume, 



Rough Notes, i. p. 217 ( 1869) ; Heur/l. Orn. N. O.-Afr. i. p. 82 (1869); 



Salvad. Faun. Ital. Ucc. p. 10 (1871) ; Shelleij, B. Egypt, p. 202 



{\&i-2); Schl. Revue Accipitr.'^.\l-2{IS72,). 

 Circaetus bracbydactylus, Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 336 (1824), 

 Circaetus leucopsis, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 36 (1831). 

 Circaetus anguium, Brchm, Tog. Deutschl. p. 37 (1831). 

 Circaetus bj'poleucus, Keyserl. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. 29, 137 (1840); 



Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 16 (1845) ; Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 268. 

 Aquila gallica, De Selys, Faune Beige, p. 53 (1844). 

 Circaetus meridionalis, A. Brehm, J. f. O. 1854, Extrah. p. xvii. 

 Circaetus orientalis, Brehm, Naiim. 1855, p. 268. 



Young from the nest. Above earthy brown ; all the feathers white 

 at base, very consi)icuous on nape and hind neck ; scapulars and 

 wing-feathers edged with pale brown, producing a somewhat varie- 

 gated appearance ; quiUs blackish, with pale brown tips ; the secon- 

 daries chocolate-brown, externally margined with pale brown ; 

 tail chocolate-brown, with conspicuous white tip ; under surface 

 pale earthy brown with somewhat of a rufous tinge ; feathers of the 

 lower breast and abdomen white with terminal spots of brown and 

 irregular bars of the same colour; under wing-coverts similarly 

 coloured. 



Full-groiun young hircl. Like the preceding in most respects ; quills 

 and tail, not developed in the nestling, coloured as foUows : — prima- 

 ries blackish, secondaries dark brown, except some of the inner ones 

 which are pale earthy brown like the back ; inner lining of quills 

 white, shading into ashy white, the tips and inner margin deep 

 brown ; the secondaries subterminally pale brown when seen from 

 below ; tail brown, with narrow whity-brown tip, crossed with four 

 bands of darker brown, not very distinct on lower surface, which is 

 whitish. 



Adult male. Above dark brown with a purplish gloss ; the wing- 

 coverts rather paler, especially «n their margins ; head rather more 

 ashy brown ; the forehead and lores whitish, with narrow hair-like 

 lines of black, a streak of which overhangs the eyebrow : sides of 

 face whitish on the anterior part, which is furnished with black hair- 



