53. HALIAETUS. 305 



p. 42 (1867) ; Ch-ay, Hancl-l. B. i. p. 10 (1869) ; Dall. 8f Bonn. 

 Tr. Chic. Acad. i. p. 273 (1869) ; Cooper, B. Calif, ed. Baird, 

 p. 451 (1870); Allen, Bull. Harv. Coll. ii. p. 33:3 ( 1872) ; Coiocs, Key 

 N. A. Birds, p. 219 (1872); Finsch, Ahhandl. Brem. iii. p. 22 

 (1872) ; Schl. Revue Accipitr. p. 117 (1873). 



Falco ossifragus, Wils. Am. Orn. vii. pi. 55. fig-. 2 (1813). 



Aquila pj^gargus, Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat. i. p. 318 (1816). 



Falco washingtouianiis, Nutt. Man. Orn. p. 67 (1822). 



Falco washiugtonii * Audt/b. May. N. H. i. p. 115 (1829); id. B. 

 Am. pi. 11, et Orn. Bioyr. i. p. 58 (1831). 



Haliaetus washingtonii, Jard. ed. Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 92 (1832) 

 Aud. B. Am. i. p. 53, pi. 13 (1839) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 17 (1845) 

 Cass. B. Calif, p. 110 (1855); StricklOrn. Syn. p. 51 (1855) 

 Cass, in Baird, B. N. Am. p. 42 (1860). 



Pandion washingtonii, Haym. Pr. Phil. Acad. 1856, p. 286. 



Adult female. Above rich dark brown, almost black, the dorsal 

 feathers rather lighter towards their tips, the whole of the wing- 

 coverts conspicuously paler-margined, so that they appear much 

 lighter brown than the back ; quills blackish, the secondaries 

 browner, with slight whity-brown terminal margins, inner lining 

 of wing ashy black, with pale mottlings near base of inner web ; 

 lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail pure white ; head and 

 neck aU round white ; rest of under surface of body brown, many 

 of the feathers darker brown, the leg-feathers and all the under 

 wing-coverts and axiUaries dark brown ; under tail-coverts pure 

 white ; cere, bill, and feet yeUow ; iris yellow. Total length 38 

 inches, culmen 3-75, wing 26, tail 13-5, tarsus 4*4. 



Adult male. Rather smaller than the female. Total length 36 

 inches, wing 24-1, tail 12-5, tarsus 4-3. 



Young. Above light brown, the feathers whitish at base, and black- 

 ish towards their tips, the scapulars slightly shaded with greyish 

 and mottled with brown ; wing-coverts rather darker brown, with 

 small whity-brown tips, the greater coverts largely mottled with 

 white near the base, especially on the inner web ; quills blackish, 

 with whity-brown terminal margins, the tips of the innermost 

 secondaries whitish vermiculated with dark brown, inner lining of 

 wings ashy black, the secondaries whitish on inner web, mottled 

 with black ; lower back and rump lighter brown than the back, the 

 bases of the feathers whity brown, the upper tail-coverts darker; 

 tail dull white, more or less black on both webs, increasing towards 

 the outer feathers, all the centres of the feathers variously mottled 

 with black ; lores whitish ; head and neck black, the feathers long 

 and lanceolate, with indistinct brown points ; throat white, streaked 

 with brown ; rest of under surface pale brown, the breast and thighs 

 blackish brown, streaked with lighter brown down the centres of 

 the feathers ; the under tail-coverts whitish, mottled on either web 

 with dark brown ; under wing-coverts blackish, more or less con- 

 spicuously white at the base ; bill brownish black ; irides brown. 



* " Immature H. leucoccphalu.<< average larger than the adults. The famous 

 ' Bird of Washington ' is a case in point.'' — Coites, I. c. 



VOL. I. T 



