67. PERNI8. 



347 



greyish all over, this colour extending somewhat on to the sides of 

 the neck ; under surface of body white, narrowly streaked with 

 brown, widening out into a spade-shaped spot on the sides of the 

 breast ; the flanks and abdomen also slightly spotted with brown ; 

 under Aving-eoverts brown, all the outermost entirely so, the inner 

 ones and axillaries white, with a few brown spots or bars, the lower 

 series white, broadly barred across with blackish ; cere grey ; bill 

 black ; feet yellow, claws black ; iris straw-coloured. Total length 

 25-5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 17'2, tail 11, tarsus 2. 



Hah. Europe generally, migrating to Africa and Madagascar in 

 winter. 



a. Ad. st. 



h. Var. melan. st. 



c. 2 St. 



d. 2 St. 



e. cj St. 



f. S ad. sk. 

 ^g. Pull. sk. 

 h. Ad. sk. 

 i. Ad. sk. 

 h. Juv. st. 

 /. Skeleton. 

 m. Sternum. 

 n. Skull. 

 o. Skull. 



2. Pernis ptilonorhynchus. 



Falco ptilorhynchus, Temm. PL Col. i. pi. 44 (1823). 



Peruis ptilonorhvnchus, Ste^jh. Gen. Zool. xiii. pi. 35 (1826) ; Holdsw. 



P. Z. S. 1872,'p. 414. 

 Pernis cristata, Cuv. Eiyne An. i. p. 335 (1829) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. 



p. 24 (1845) ; £p. Consp. Av. i. p. 20 (1850) ; Strukl. Orn. Si/n. 



p. 131 (1855); Jenl B. Ind. i. p. 108 (1862); Wall. Ibis, 1868, 



p. 17 ; Gray, JZand-l. B. i. p. 26 (1869) ; Hume, Boiiyh Notes, 



li. p. 330 (1870) ; Scfi!. 3Lis. P.-B. Bevue Accipitr. p. 132 (1873). 

 Pernis torquata, Less. Traite, p. 76 (1831) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 24 



(1845) ; Des Miirs, Iconogr. Orn. pi. 13 (1845) ; Pucker. Bev. et 



Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 212. 

 Pernis ruficollis, Less. I. c. p. 77 (1831) ; Gray, I. c. p. 24 (1845) : 



Des Murs, I. c. pi. 14 (1845) ; Pucker. I. c. p. 212. 

 Pernis albigidaris. Less. I. c. p. 77 (1831) ; Gray, I. c. p. 24 (1845) ; 



Pucker. I. c. p. 212. 

 Pernis macidosa, Less, in Belaiig. Voy. Ind. p. 223 (1834). 

 Pernis ellioti, James. Tr. Wem. Soc. vii. p. 493 (1836). 

 Pernis bharatensis, Hodgs. in Gray^s Zool. Misc. p. 81 (1844). 

 Pernis apivorus, Temm. ^- Sckl. Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 24 (1850) ; 



Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 341. 



Toung. Above brown, the feathers white at base and darker 

 brown at tips, the white bases showing very conspicuously on the 

 head and hind neck, the feathers of which are bordered and tipped 

 with fulvous, and have distinct subterminal spots of black ; feathers 



