76. HIEROFALCO. 417 



and the nape varied with whitish ; cheek -stripe, feathera under the 

 eye and on the upper line of the ear-coverts, as well as the sides 

 of the nock, greyish black, rest of the side face whitish, with median 

 lines of black ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills dark brown, 

 externally freckled and mottled with grey, which docs not form 

 regular bars, the inner secondaries exactly like the back ; under 

 surface of the body white, the throat unspotted, the chest longi- 

 tudinally streaked with black, which widens out towards the apex 

 of the feather ; rest of the body rather scantily spotted with greyish 

 black, taking the form of bars on the flanks, under tail-coverts, 

 and axillaries ; the under wing-coverts white, with black markings, 

 scarcely to be called bars ; bill blue, black at tip ; feet yellow ; iris 

 dark brown. Total length 20 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 14-5, tail 8, 

 tarsus 2. 



Adult female. Similar to the adult male, but larger. Total length 

 21 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 15, tail 9-5, tarsus 2-15. 



Young. Brown, with fulvous spots and mottlings on the edges 

 of the scapulars and inner secondaries, rather more distinct on the 

 upper tail-coverts ; tail dark brown, with imperfect bands of fulvous ; 

 all the wing-coverts and quiUs externally dotted with minute fulvous 

 spots, the latter internally barred with buff; head brown, mottled 

 with buffy white on the eyebrow, cheeks, sides of neck, and espe- 

 cially on the nape and hind neck ; under surface white, with central 

 dark brown patches on each feather, narrower on the throat ; bill 

 horn-blue, yellow at base of lower mandible. 



Hab. The whole of Northern Europe, extending across northern 

 Asia and North America, migrating southwards in both continents. 



a. Vix ad. st. Norway. Professor Newton [P.']. 



b,c. d' $ ad. sk. Lapland {Wolhy). J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 



d. 2 juv. sk. Lapland {Wolley). J. Gould, Esq. 



e. $ juv. sk. E. Finmark, Purchased. 



Sept. 20, 1872. 

 /. c? juv. sk. Labrador. Purchased. 



g. 2 juv. St. Kotzebue's Sound. 



h. 2 juv. st. Gulf of California. Captain Kellett [P.]. 



5. Hierofalco saker*. 



Le Sacre, Briss. Orn. i. p. 337 (1760) ; Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. i. p. 246 

 (1770, nee pi. xiv.). 



Falco sacer, Gin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 273 (1788, ex Briss.) ; Schl. Rev. 

 Crit. p. ii (1844) ; Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 2 (1849) ; Bp. Cmisp. 

 i. p. 24 (1850) ; Strickl. Orn. Syn. p. 79 (1855) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, 

 p. 284 ; Simps. Ibis, 1860, p. 375, pi. xii. ; Bree, B. of Eur. i. p. 31 

 (1862) ; Jerd. B. of Ind. i. p. 29 (1862) ; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Falc. 



* This name is derived from Brisson's Sacre, which in turn is taken from 

 Belon and the older writers, who seem to have known the true species {cf, 

 Schlegel, ' Traits de Fauconnerie,' p. 18). Professor Schlegel thinks that Buffon's 

 plate in the ' Histoire Naturelle ' represents the Saker; but to me it looks more 

 like a young Falco islandicus ; and if the specific title were founded on this 

 alone, I should have rejected the name. 



VOL. I. 2 F 



