436 FALCONID^. 



Blasius, Ibis, 18G2, p. 65 ; Wright, Ibis, 1864, p. 49 ; Degl. ^- Gerbe, 

 Orn. Europ. i. p. 94 (1867); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 43 

 (1869) ; Salvad. Faun. Itnl. Ucc. p. 22 (1871) ; Sharpe 8f Dresser, 

 B. Eur. part 3 (1871) ; Schl. Revue Accipitr. p. 45 (1873). 



Cerclineis cenchris, Brehm, Voq. Deutsch. p. 74 (1831) ; Bp. Compi. 

 List of B. Eur. ^ N. Am. p. 5 (1838). 



Tinnuuculus cencliris, Bp. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 21 (1842) ; Gi-ay, 

 Gen. of B. i. p. 21 (1844) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 27 (1850); Strickl. 

 Orn. Si/n. p. 97 (1855) ; Pe!z. Verh. z.-b. Wien, xiii. p. G24 (1863) ; 

 Newt. Ooth. WoUeij. p. 82 (1864) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1865, p. 259 ; 

 Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 22 (1867) ; id. Ibis, 1869, p. 362 ; Grag, 

 Hand-l. B. i. p. 23 (1869) ; Blnnf. Geol. ^- Zool. Abyss, p. 318 

 (1870^ ; Gurnet/, in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 17 (1872). 



Tichoruis cenchris, Kaup, Classif. Siiug. u. Vog. p. 108 (1844) ; Bp. 

 Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p.*537. 



Pcecilornis cenchris, Kaup, Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 53. 



Cerclineis pai'adoxa, C. ruficeps, C. ruticauda, Brehm, Naum. 1855, 

 p. 269. 



Adult male. Upper surface of body rich cinnamon-rufous ; entire 

 head and hind neck, lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail 

 blue-grey, the latter tipped with white, and crossed by a broad 

 subterminal band of black ; lores and a few streaks on the cheeks 

 whitish ; lesser and median wing-coverts cinnamon-rufous, like the 

 back, a few of the outer ones of the latter series washed with blue- 

 grey ; the greater coverts and inner secondaries blue-grey, washed 

 with rufous externally, primaries dark brown ; throat deep fulvous 

 white ; breast pale cinnamon or vinous, with a few blackish spots 

 on the breast, becoming larger on the sides of the body ; thighs 

 paler rufous, unspotted ; abdomen and under tail-coverts yellowish 

 white ; under wing-coverts white, with a few tiny blackoval spots 

 larger on the axillaries ; bill lightish blue, yellow at base, and 

 blackish at tip ; cere, orbits, and feet beautiful yellow, the claws 

 generally white, very rarely inclining to blackish ; iris dark brown. 

 Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 9*1, tail 6, tarsus 1-2. 



Adult female. Dissimilar to the male. Above tawny rufous, 

 transversely crossed by bars of blackish brown, narrower and more 

 obscure on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the latter 

 of which are strongly inclined to grey ; tail rufous, barred with 

 black, tipped with whitish, before which a broad subterminal baud 

 of black ; head and neck rather paler rufous, the former broadly, 

 the latter more narrowly, streaked with blackish shaft-stripes ; fore- 

 head and a distinct eyebrow whitish ; cheeks and ear-coverts silvery 

 white, with narrow shaft-lines of black ; primaries dark brown, 

 barred on the inner web Math rufous, secondaries coloured like the 

 back, the outer ones narrowly margined with white at the tip ; 

 throat, vent, and under tail- coverts fulvous white, unspotted ; breast 

 inclining to rufous fawn-colour, all the feathers mesially streaked 

 with blackish, these stripes being broader on tlie flanks, and very 

 tiny on the thighs, which are also paler rufous. Total length 

 12-5 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 9-3, tail 5-9, tarsus 1-2. 



Young male. Like the old female, but somewhat paler rufous. 



