1. PARTTS. 41 



Colemouse, Penn. Arctic Zoology, p. 424 (1785) ; Lath. Gen. Syn, ii. 



pt. 2, p. 540. 

 PoBcile ater, Kaup, Natiiii. Syst. p. 114 (1829). 

 Parus carljonariiis, Pall. Zooyr. Ross.-As. i. p. 556 (1831). 

 Parus abietinuiii, Brehm, Viiy. Deutschl. p. 406 (1831). 

 Parus piiietorum, Breltm, Naumannia, p. 285 (1855). 



(^English Race.) 



Parus ater auctt. Britt. {nee Linn.). 



Parus britannicus, Sharpe c^- Dresser, Ann. ^ May. N. H. viii. p. 437 

 (1871) ; Dresser, B. Eur. iii. p. 93, pi. 107. hg. 2. 



{Chinese Race.) 



Parus pekinensis, David, Ibis, 1870, p. 155; Vei-r. N. Arch, du Mus. 

 Bidl. vi. p. 38 ; id. vii. p. 54 ; id. yiii. pi. 5 ; Taczan. J. f. O. 1874, 

 p. 328 ; Sivinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 155 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 361 ; David 

 ^ Oust. Ois. de la Chine, p. 283, pi. 34. 



{Himalayan Race.) 



Parus aBmodius, Hodys. Journ. A. S. Beny. xiii. p. 943 (1844) ; 

 id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83; Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. JS'epal pres. 

 Hodys. p. 72; Blyfh, in Jard. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 51 ; Jerd. B. Lid. 

 ii. p. 276 ; Sicinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 155 ; Blanf. J. A. S. Beny. 1872, 

 ii. p. 57 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1879, p. 487. 



A. Typical, Central Race (P. ater). — Adult male in summer plumage. 

 Mantle slaty blue, passing towards the lower back and on the rump 

 into fulvous-brown ; tail and quills greyish black, the latter exter- 

 nally margined with silvery grey, the secondaries narrowly tipped 

 ■with white ; wing-coverts blackish, with broad margins of the 

 colour of the back ; the median and greater series with roundish 

 terminal spots of white ; crown of head and hind neck glossy black, 

 on the occipiit and nape a large patch of white ; cheeks, ear-coverts, 

 and sides of neck white ; chin and throat dull black, this colour 

 not uncommonly uniting with the black of the hind neck; centre 

 of breast dull white ; the rest of the underparts, especially the flanks 

 and the sides, pale buff; under wing-coverts and edge of wing 

 whitish ; bill dark brown ; feet and claws dark lead-colour ; iris 

 brown. Total length about 4-2 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-2-2-4, 

 tail 1*7-1'8, tarsus 0'G5. 



Adult males in ivinter plumage have the underparts a little more 

 dingy and the bluish colour on the mantle slightly less pronounced. 



Female like the male in winter plumage. 



Young. Above dull greyish olive ; crown duU black ; ear-coverts 

 and sides of neck pale yellow ; underparts pale yellow, with a 

 strong greyish-buff wash to the flanks ; throat dusky ; tips of 

 wing-coverts and a patch on the nape yellowish white; bill brown ; 

 feet pale brown. 



Bab. Fouud nearly aU over the Palaearctic region with the ex- 

 ception of Xorthern Africa, extending eastwards as far as Japan and 

 Korthern China. 



B. English Race (P. britannicus). — In the British Islands the typi- 

 cal Coal Tit is only an occasional visitor, but is represented by a 



