1. PAETJP. 45 



Btog. ii. p. 140, pi. 126 ; Wilsoti, Am. Orn. i. p. 1.34, pi. viii. %. 4 ; 



Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Melh. p. .508 ; Lem. Man. d'Oni. i. p. 320 ; 



Sivains. Faun. Bor.-Atn. Birds, p. 226; Lesson, Traife d'Orn. p. 



4.56 ; KidfaU, Man. Orn. p. 241 ; DeKay, Fauna New York, p. 60, 



pi. 45. tig. 100 ; Bjh a A. i. p. 2.30 ; Cdssin, N. A. B. p. 17 ; Hr.lat. 



Cat. Am.B. p. 13, no. 80 ; Samuels, Orn. New Etu/I. p. 182 ; Gray, 



Hand-l. B. i. p. 2.32, no. 3354 ; Maynard, B. Florida, p. 30 ; Coues, 



Keif N. A. B. p. 81 ; id. B. K. West, p. 20 ; Baird, Breiv., 8f 



Bi'dffw. JV. A. B. i. p. 96. 

 Parus palustris, Nuttall, Man. Orn. p. 79 (18.32). 

 Parus septentrionalis, Harris, Pr. A. N. Sc. ii. 1845, p. 300 ; Cassin, 



III. i. pi. xiv. (1835) (teste Baird, Br. Si- B.) ; Cassin, N. Am. B. 



p. 17 (1856) ; Baird, Cass. 4" Lawr. B. N. Am. p. 389 ; Gray, 



Jland-l. B. i. p. 232, no. 3353 (1869) ; Baird, Br., <§• Bidffiv. JV. 



A. B. i. p. 99 (1874) ; Coties, B. Colorado Vail. p. 120 ; Mat. 



Cat. Am. B. p. 14, no. 82 (1862). 

 PoBcUe atricapilla, Cab. Miis. Hein. i. p. 90 (1850). 

 Parus septentrionalis, yar. albescens, Baird, B. N. Am,, p. xxxvii, 



(1858). 

 Parus occidentalis, Baird, Cass., ^- Lawr. B. N. A. p. 391 (18.58) ; 



Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 14, no. 85; Elliot, N. Am. B. i. pi. viii. (ex 



Baird) ; Cooper, Birds Calif, i. p. 45 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 232, 



no. 3355 (1869). 

 Parus atricapillus, var. septentrionalis, Coues, Key N. A. B. p. 81 



(1872) j id. B. N. West, p. 21 (1874). 

 Parus atrieapiUus, var. occidentalis, Coues, Key N.A.B. p. 81 (1872) ; 



Baird, Brew., Sf Eidgic. N. A. B. i. p. 101. 



Adult. Mantle and upper back light olive-brown or brownish 

 ashy ; rump inclining to yellowish brown ; wings dark brown, the 

 primaries narrowly, the secondaries broadly edged with white 

 or whitish ; greater wing-coverts broadly edged like the secon- 

 dary quills, the rest edged with grey : tail dark grey, outer webs 

 edged whitish ; entire crown, occiput, and hind neck jet-black, 

 this colour extending backwards to the middle of the back ; lores, 

 cheeks, car-coverts, sides of neck, and space between mantle and 

 the black parts pure white ; chin, throat, and fore neck deep 

 black ; greater part of breast and middle of abdomen dull white ; 

 rest of underparts pale buff or light fawn-colour. Total length 

 about 4-5 inches, culmen 0-42, wing 2"45-2-5, tail 2-3-2"5, tarsus 

 0-65. 



Hah. Greater part of North America north of 39th parallel. In 

 the Pacific States it is represented by a somewhat differently coloured 

 race (P. occidentalis). 



Obs. After the examination of seven specimens of this Tit from 

 the Kocky Mountains and from the Pacific States, I find that the 

 slight differences pointed out by Messrs. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway 

 for the separation of P. occidentalis do not hold good. According to 

 these authors, P. occidentalis may be looked upon as simply a long- 

 tailed western variety of the common species. 



Specimens from the Upper-Missouri region seem to form a larger 

 and slightly differently coloured race (P. sej^tentrioncdis); the whitish 

 edgings to the feathers of the wings, tail, and greater wing-coverts 

 are certainly broader and more conspicuous. 



