60 PARIDJE, 



no. 196; Bechstein, Viiff. Deutsckl.iv.'p.74:5 ; Retzius, Faun. Suecic. 



p. 271; llliger, Prodrom. T^. 220 ] Temm. Maii.crOrn.^.2'diS\ Bonn. 



et Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 499; Itoux, Orn. Prov. p. 193, pi. 122 ; 



Less. Man. d'Om. i. p. ol9 ; id. Traite iTOrn. p. 457; Pall. Zuoyr. 



Hosso-As. i. p. Tj.jI ; Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 25(^) ; Schitis, Europ. 



Faun. p. 220; Nilssoji, Skandin. Faun. i. p. 34o (1835), i. p. 425 



(1858) : Bp. C. A. i. p. 230 ; KJcerhiillimj, Danmarks Fiiyle, pi. xxiii. ; 



Wriyhi, Finlands Foi/lar, i. p. 18(5 ; Susonikl, Vol/. Europ. v. Taf . 3 ; 



8chic(j. Handl. Dierk. p. 350 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 234, no. 3395 ; 



llartiny, B. Middlcse.v, p. 58 ; Keulemans, Onze Voxels, pi. 15 ; 



Holland. IVirhcll/tiere Ponunerns, p. CO. 

 Long-tailed Titmouse, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. 2, p. 550 (1783). 

 Acredula caudata, Koch, System, baier. Zool. p. 199, Taf. v. fig. 42 



(1816) ; Cab. Mas. Ilein. p. 90 ; Sharpc, Ibis, 1868, p. 300 ; Dresser, 



i?. i?«r. iii. p. 104; Salcad. Faun. Ital. ii. p. 66; Danford df Brown, 



Ibis, 1875, p. 303; Seeboh^n, Ibis, 1880, p. 189; Giglioli, Ibis, 1881, 



p. 194 ; Blakist. ^ Pryer, B. Japan, p. 151. 

 Mecistiira caudata, Selys-Lonych. Fawne Beige, p. 103 (1842) ; Licht. 



Nomenel. p. 37. 

 Orites caudata, Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Comp. i. p. 373 



(1854); Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 17; Malm, Fauna, p. 180; 



Prjew. in Dawson Rowley's Orn. Misc. 1877, p. 190, sp. 89. 



Mcile. Head all round, nape, sides of neck, throat, breast, under 

 wing-coverts, and edge of wing snowy white, this colour becoming 

 duller towards the abdomen ; the feathers of the abdomen, flanks, and 

 under tail-coverts pale vinous at their terminal half; hind neck and 

 interscapular region deep black ; scapulars and sides of mantle deep 

 vinous red ; middle of back having a mottled appearance of black, 

 white, and rosy ; rump and sides of back vinous rosy with whitish 

 tips ; upper tail-coverts and the two outer pairs of tail-feathers 

 entirely black, the others more and more edged and tipped with 

 white ; on the outermost pair the black is restricted to part of the 

 inner web ; most of the wing-coverts and the quills brownish black ; 

 the secondaries internally and externally broadly edged with white ; 

 bill and feet black ; iris brown ; eyelids bright yellow. Total length 

 5-5-6 inches, culmen 0-3, wing 2-3-2-55, tail 3-3-3-8, tarsus 0-65- 

 0-7. Sexes alike in plumage. 



Immature birds have the sides of the crown, loral and nasal 

 regions more or less washed with dark brown. 



Young birds. General colour above sooty brownish black ; centre 

 of crown white; most of the wing-coverts and the secondaries 

 blackish, with broad white margins ; underparts duller than in the 

 adult bird ; bill dark brown, lighter at tip ; feet pale brown. 



Obs. Specimens from Central Siberia are often remarkable for 

 their somewhat longer tails and brighter coloration. 



The White-headed Long-tailed Titmouse has a very wide range, as 

 it is an inhabitant of Northern and Central Europe. It is found in 

 Scandinavia, Germany, Austria, and Russia, extending across Siberia 

 to Japan. In Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, and the western 

 parts of Germany it changes into the north-western form A. rosea. 

 It has occurred a few times in the British Isles. 



