4. ^GITHALrS. 67 



Crown pale 'brownish grey. 



a' . Chin aud upper throat whitish ; all the rest 



of uudei-parts yellow capensis, p. 70, 



h'. Whole throat and breast whitish ; flanks and 



abdomen pale fawn caroli, p. 71. 



1. .ffigithalus pendulinus. 



Parus polonicuss. pinduliuus, Briss. Oni. iii. p. oOo (1760). 



Parus pendulinus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 342 (1760) ; Bechst. Voy. Veutschl. 

 iv. p. 751; Temm. Man. (VOrn. i. p. 800; Bunn. et Vieill. Enc. 

 J/e7/(. p. 503; Vk'ill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 91; Rov.v, Orn. Proven(;ak, 

 p. 196, pi. 124 a (ad.) & 124 b (Juv.) ; Less. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 319 ; 

 id. Traite d'Oin. p. 457; Schinz, JEiirop. Faun. p. 220; Schkg. 

 Handl.Diefk. -p. 350 ; Holland. Wirbelth. Pomm. -p. 60; Danford 

 8f Broim, Llns, 1875, p. 303 ; Lrbi/, Lbis, 1879, p. 344. 



Le Remiz, Month. Mist. N. Ois. v. p. 423 (1778). 



LaPeuduline, Montb. Hist. Nat. Ois. v. p. 433 (1778). 



Penduline Titmouse, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 547 (1783). 



Parus narboueusis, Gm. S. i\'. i. p. 1014 (1788). 



-^githalus pendulinus, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 556 ; Bp. C. A. i. p. 231 

 Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 89; Badde, Bets. S. 0.-i>ibirien, ii. p. 165 

 Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 236, no. 4016 ; Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 30 

 Severfzoic, Turkest. Jevotn. p. 135 ; Blanf. East. Persia, p. 232 

 Seehohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 33 {cf. for JE. consobrinus) ; Dresser, B 

 Eur. iii. pi. 116. 



^githalus polonicus, Brehni, VUg. Deutschl. p. 476 (1831). 



Pendulinus medius, Bre/nn, Voy. Deutscht. p. 477 (1831). 



Pendulinus macrourus, Brehm, J by. Deutsc/d. p. 477 (1831). 



^githalus pendulinus, var. jasartica, Severtzoiv, Turkest. Jevotn. 

 p. 135, pi. 9. lig. 2 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 176. 



^githalus consobrinus, Sidnh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 133 ; ibid. 1871, 

 p. 362 ; David ^- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 294. 



Adult male. Ear-coverts, region all round the eye, and a narrow 

 frontal band black ; greater part of crown white, separated from the 

 black by a few rufous feathers on the forehead ; nape, hind neck, 

 and sides of neck white, with a greyish tinge ; cheeks, chin, and 

 throat pure white ; mantle chestnut-brown, deepest towards the 

 neck, graduallj- passing into ochraceous on the back and rump ; 

 upper tail-coverts light greyish ; tail-featliers dark brown, with 

 broad whitish-yellow edgings to the outer and inner webs ; lesser 

 •wing-coverts chestnut-red, the greater ones dark brown, with deep 

 chestnut-coloured margins and with pale tips ; quills brown, 

 with whitish edgings, which are very broad on the innermost 

 secondaries ; underparts cream-colour or ochraceous. slightly deeper 

 on the flanks and thighs ; the feathers of the breast with half- con- 

 cealed subtermiual chestnut spots ; bill horn-colour ; feet bluish 

 black ; iris brown. Total length about 3"6-4 inches. 



Adult female. Slightly paler in coloration, the black frontal band 

 and the I'ufous colour orr the forehead less pronounced. 



Youmj. Less richly coloured than the adult bird, and having the 

 whole hind neck and the crown ochraceous with a grev tinge ; 



f2 ' 



