89 



Si/nojjsis of the Suhfaniilus. 



a. Nostrils placed almost midway 

 between base and tip of the bill, 

 formed by a longitudinal slit, 



quite bare of feathers or bristles. GYMNORIIININ/E, p. 89. 

 h. No.strils basal ; either round and 

 ossified, or oval and situated in 

 a partly coriaceous groove. 

 a'. Feathers of back flufty, form- 

 ing a thick and soft cover 

 of the rump; nostrils free, 

 uncovered by bristles or fea- 

 thers 31 ALA CONOTINJ<:, p. 103. 



b'. Feathers of back not flufly; 

 nostrils partly covered by 

 featliers or bristles. 

 a". Bin laterally compressed, 

 strongly hooked and 

 notched; cidmen straight 

 at basal half; nostrUs 

 roimd and completely ossi- 

 fied LANIIN.'E, p. 228. 



b". Culmen curved downwards 

 throughout its length, 

 or the bill considerably 

 flattened near the base; 

 nostrils in a coriaceous 

 groove, with an imperfect 



operculum PACHYCETIIALIlSlJE, p. 172. 



e". Bill generally laterally com- 

 pressed ; nostrils in front 

 of a semiossitied or coria- 

 ceous groove, circular, 

 nou-operculated. Principal 

 colours green and yellow. 

 Length of wing from 2 to 

 3 inches. (American.) . . VIREONIN^, p. 292. 



Subfamily I. GYMNORHININ.E. 



_ Pattern of colour Crow-like. Bill long and straight, broad and 

 slightly rounded across its base. Nostrils completely bare, situated 

 a long way from the featliers of the face, margins quite ossified. 

 Hallux with claw equal to middle too and claw in length. First 

 primary equal to two thirds of the second in length ; tips of wing 

 formed by third and fourth or fourth and fifth primaries. 



Sexes alike in plumage; the young birds brownish, with cross 

 markings on the feathers. The only colours occm-ring are black, 

 white, grey, and red. 



Australiau region, extending into Borneo. 



