10-1: LANIID.E. 



d'". Wing' - coverts never brown or 

 chestnut. 

 rt^. riuniarre black, wbite, or oclira- 

 ceous ; feathers of back white or 



<jrey, and extremely tluffy 10. Dryoscopus, 



h^. Ued or green in the plumage. [p- 130. 



«'. Toes free at their base 11. Laniaeius, p. 150. 



6', The first two phalanges of the 

 fourth toe united with the third 

 . toe ; nostrils with a very clearly 



developed operculum 12. Nicator, p. 105. 



h. Tarsus posteriorly reticulated at the upper 

 half; the remainder covered with many 

 small scales ; nostrils with a very well 

 developed operculum ". 13. Nilaus, p. 167. 



4. VANGA. 



Type. _ 



Vanga, Vieill. Analyse, p. 41 (1816) V. curvirostris. 



Spasornis, v. d. Ho'eren, Handb. Zool. ii. p. 530 (1858) V. curvii-ostris. 

 Lautzia, Hartl. Voyel Madagascars, p. 194 (1877) .... V. rufa. 



Bill strong, broad at base ; culmen slightly curved but deflexed, 

 strongly hooked, and notched, section triangular. Nostrils round, 

 ossified, non-operculated, covered by strong nasal bristles, rictal 

 bristles likewise strong. First primary well developed, second short ; 

 tip of wing formed by fourth and fifth primaries ; secondaries short, 

 only A to | of the whole wing. Tail square, shorter than wing. 

 Tarsus very short, hardly longer than the middle toe, anteriorly 

 covered with scales, which, especially in Y. rufa, sometimes fuse 

 into one scutum. Anterior claws short. 



Bange. Madagascar. 



1. Vanga curvirostris. 



Collurio madagascariensis, J]?-iss. Orn. ii. p. 191, pi. 19. fig. 1. 



Ecorcheur de Madagascar, Dauhent. PI. Enl. 228. 



Hook-billed Shrike, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. i. p. 171. 



Lanius curvirostris, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 299 {ex Lath?). 



Yauga curvirostris, Cnvier, Regne Anim. p. 339 (1817) ; Gray, Gen. 

 B. i. p. 299 ; Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 51 ; Boch l^ E. Newton, Ibis, 

 1862, p. 274 ; E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. .348 ; A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, 

 p. 835 ; Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 387 ; Sold. S,- Poll. 

 Faime Madaq., Ois. p. 99 (1868) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 396, 

 no. 6005; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 318; Milne-Edwards ^ 

 Grandid. H. N. Madag., Ois. pi. 166 ; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 188 

 (1877). 



Vanga leucocephala, Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 346 (1831). 



Adult. Back, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts black, with a 

 somewhat glossy lustre ; primary-coverts entirely black ; the other 

 wing-coverts black, externally broadly edged with white, forming a 

 distinct transverse band on the wing when folded ; quills black, the 

 primaries narrowly, some of the secondaries more broadly edged 

 with white ; tail — the basal two thirds uniform grey, the terminal 



