168 LANIID^. 



tendency to fuse wiili one another. Back spotted. The young 

 birds have dark cross markings on their light underparts, like a 

 typical Shrike. Length of wing about 3-3 inches. 

 Ranrje. Africa. 



K<y to the Species. 



a. Sides of body rufous. 



a'. Rufous sides uniform ; lores, eyebrow, and patch 



on mantle white capensis, p. 108. 



h'. Sides of body white, with rufous patches ; lores, 



eyebrow, and patch on mantle rufescent afer, p. 169. 



b. No riilbus on sides of body affinis, p. 170. 



1. Nilaus capensis. (Plate V. fig. 1.) 



Le Brubru, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. ii. pi. 71 ; Sundev. Krit. Fmmst., 



Levaill. p. 31 (1857). 

 Lanius brubru, Lath. Ind. Orn., Suppl. ii. p. 78 (1801, ex Levaill.) ; 



Vieill. N. Diet. xxvi. p. 138 ; Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 43. 

 Lanius capensis, Shaiv, Gen. Zool. p. 327 (1811). 

 Kilaus capensis. Swains. Zool. Journ. p. 48 (1827) ; id. Class. B. ii. 



p. 219 (1837) ; Graxj, Gen. B. i. p. 291 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 362 ; 



Guryiey, Ibis, 1862, p. 31, 1868, p. 159 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 159. 

 Lanius frontalis, Forster, Descr. Animalium, p. 41. 

 Nilaus brubru, Finsch ^" Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 333; Gurney in 



Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 139 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 48 ; Bncldey, 



Ibis, 1874, p. 376; Socage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 220; Sharpe, ed. 



Layard B. S. Afr. p. 397. 



Adult male. Crown of head and nape glossy black ; lores and 

 feathers in front of the eye white ; below the fore part of the eye 

 a black spot ; round the eye a ring of whitish feathers ; sides of 

 face and ear-coverts white, the sides of the neck glossy black, sepa- 

 rated from the crown of the head by a broad white line running 

 from the lores over the eye as far as the sides of the nape ; ear- 

 coverts separated from the eyebrow by a streak of glossy black, 

 which skirts their upper margin from the eye to the sides of the 

 neck ; centre of the back and mantle white or creamy ; lateral 

 feathers externally black ; the scapulars entirely glossy black ; lower 

 back and rump mottled with black and white, the feathers being 

 mostly of the latter colour, with dusky blackish bases and edged 

 with black : upper tail-coverts black, some of them with a large 

 oval white subterminal spot ; least and outer wing-coverts glossy 

 black, the median series creamy, forming a bar across the wing, 

 continued down it by means of the creamy outer web of the inner 

 greater coverts and three of the secondaries ; primarj'-coverts black ; 

 primaries blackish brown, externally edged with whitish ; secon- 

 daries black, edged and tinged with whitish ; tail black, all but the 

 central feathers tipped with white, the three outermost marked with 

 white on the outer web, increasing in extent on the outermost 

 feather, where it occupies nearly the entire outer web and also 

 appears on the inner web ■ under surface of body white with the ex- 



