22. LANIUS. 



239 



iu others the whole shaft is "white, the black being reduced to a 

 large patch on the basal third of the inner web: in others, again, 

 the whole shaft and greater part of the inner web are black. 

 Hah. Europe, ranging into Asia. 



sk. 



a. Imm. st. 



b. Ad. St. 



c. Ad. St. 

 d (S imin. sk. 

 e,f. Ad. sk. 

 </. (S ad. sk. 



h. Ad.; i. Juv, 



k. S ad. sk. 



/. Imm. St. 



m. Juv. sk. 

 It, o. Imm. St. 

 ;j. c? ad. sk, (moult- 

 ing). 

 q. Skeleton. 

 /•, s. Sterna. 

 t. Skidl. 



England. 



AViltshire. 



Europe. 



Sweden. 



Geneva. 



Wermland, Sweden, 



April li', 1873. 

 Vallvenswaard, Holl.nnd 



{J. Baker). 

 Transsylvania, May 2Q, 



1874. 

 Hehgoland. 



Quickiok, July 31, 1862. 

 Archangel. 

 Parawalsky, Sept. G, 



1876. 

 South Germany. 

 South Germany. 

 South Germany. 



Col. Montagu [P.]. 



Pm-cliased. 



A. W. Malm, Esq. [P.]. 



J. Goidd, Esq. [C.]. 



F. D. Godman and 0. Sal- 



vin, Esqrs. [P.]. 

 Harvie Brown, Esq. [P.]. 



Henry Seebohm, Esq. 



[P.]. 

 J. Gould, Esq. [C.]. 

 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 

 Ur. Fiusch [C.]. 



Dr. Giinther [C. 

 Dr. Gimtber [C. 

 Dr. Giinther [C 



3. Lanius major. 



Lanius major, Pallas, Zoogr. Hosso-As. i. p. 402 (1831) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 

 1868, p. 333 ; Cabanis, J. f. O. 1873, p. 75 ; Schaloio, op. cit. 1875, 

 pp.232 & 346, 1876, pp. 132 & 232 ; id. Bericht iiher die xxi. Versamml 

 deutsch. ornith. Gesellsch. 1875, pp. 13, 14; Tschiisi Schmidhofen, 

 J.f. O. 1878, p. 96; Stcjnef/er, Oin. Cenfralbl. 1878, p. 108. 



Lanius escubitor, 3Ieves, CEfvers. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1871, p. 762; 

 von Nordmann, Demid. Voy. ii. p. 113 ; vun Middettd. Sibir. Beis. 

 ii. p. 188. 



Lanius borealis sibiricus, Bogdatioiv, Bitssian Shrikes ^-c. p. 102 

 (1881). 



Lanius borealis europreus, id. op. cit. p. 103. 



Lanius lathora iSi/kes), Daoid S^- Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 93 

 (1877). 



Differs from L. e.vcuhitor in having the lower rump and upper 

 tail-coverts white, and in having the white at the base of the 

 secondaries almost obsolete, producing therefore only one alar spe- 

 culum (viz. on the primaries). 



Cidmeu. Wing. 



Ad. S 0^'ermland) . 

 Ad. cJ (Archangel) 

 Ad. S (PendDO . . , 



0-80 

 0-80 

 0-80 



4-40 

 4-40 

 4-45 



Tail. 



in. 



4'55 



4-60 



4-90 



Tarsus, 

 in. 

 108 



108 

 110 



Hah. Breeds in Scandinavia. North Eussia, and throughout Siberia, 

 occasionally wandering into Western Europe and Asia Minor, where 



