240 LANIIDJE. 



its range meets Avith that of L. excuhitor ; they occasionally inter- 

 breed, producing intermediate forms. 



rt. 2 ad. sk. riimistoad, England, Mr. H. Whitelv [P.]. 



Oct 5, 1878. 



h. 5 ad. sk. Wennland, Nov. 1872. Purchased. 



c. $ ad. sk. Quickiok, May 11, 1862. J. Gould, Esq. [C.]. 



d, e. Ad. St. Archangel. R. B. Shai'po, Esq. [P.]. 

 /. S ad. sk. Pendik, Asia Minor, Oct. II. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



19, 1871 ('/'. liobson). 

 <•/. ?ad. sk. Pendik, Nov. 1871 (T. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



Rohsun ). 

 h. $ ad. sk. Lake Baikal, Oct. 1869. Dr. Dybowsky [C.]. 



4. Lanius borealis, 



Lanius excubitor, Forsfer, Phil. Trans. 1772, p. 382 (nee Linn.) ; 



Wihnn, Am. Orn. pi. 5. fig. 1 (1808). 

 Lanius borealis, Viei/l. Ois. Am. p. 90, pi. 1 (1807) ; Ai/d. B. Am. 



iv. p. 130, pL 236 (1842) ; Nemuied, J. f. O. 18o0, p. 190 ; 



Jones, Nat. Bermuda, p. 51 (1857) ; Dresser S,- Sharpe, P. Z. S. 



1870, p. 590 ; Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 1879, p. 120. 

 Lanius septentrionalis, Bp. {nee GmeL), C. A. i. p. 363 ; Cassin, Pr. 



A. N. So. Philad. 1857, p. 213; Cooiier, Orn. Calif, i. p. 137 



(1870). 

 Collyrio borealis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 324 (1858) ; Doll 8f Bannister, 



Alaska, p. 280 ; Samuels, B. N. Engl. p. 268 ; Graij, Hand-l. B. i. 



p. 391, no. 3534. 

 CoUurio borealis, Baird, Breic, %■ Ridijto. N. A. B. i. p. 415 (1845). 

 Lanius borealis americanus, Boydanoiv, Russian Shrikes Sfc. p. 102 



(1881). 



Adult male (summer plumage). General colour above, including 

 the crown of the head, pale slaty grey, changing into pure white on 

 the rump and upper tail-coverts, the lower hack being silvery grey ; 

 a narrow and indistinctly marked line of white extending from the 

 forehead backwards over the eye ; in front of the latter a blackish- 

 grey spot ; ear-coverts black ; quills blackish brown, with the basal 

 part of the inner web white ; basal half of outer web of the pri- 

 maries pure white, producing a conspicuous alar bar ; secondaries 

 narrowly tipped with white ; greater and primary-coverts black, the 

 latter externally washed with brown; lesser coverts rusty grey; 

 scapulars pale grey, tipped with white ; tail-feathers black, whitish 

 at their base ; the whole outer web and the terminal third of the 

 inner web of the outer pair of feathers pure white, this colour 

 decreasing towards the central pair ; underparts of body dull white, 

 with narrow transverse vcrmiculations on the fore neck and breast ; 

 throat, sides of neck, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white ; flanks 

 and thighs often pure white ; under wing-coverts and edge of wing 

 white, with a brownish patch; bill dark horn-brown, paler at base; 

 feet black. 



Female. Resembling the male ; but the general colour of the upper 

 parts is grey with a strong tawny-brown tinge ; ear-coverts black- 



