274 LANiiDj;. 



1837-38, p. 64 ; id. Ann. Kat. Hist. 1846, p. 169 ; Blasius, Kachtr. 

 Naum. Viiy. Deutschl. xiii. p. 39; Waldcn, Ibis, 1867, pi. 5. fig-. 2. 



Although L. c)-ist(dus ranges as far as to the eastern coast of China 

 and over parts of the Indo-Chinese region, it seems in the East to be 

 represented by the present mncli brighter and more rufous-coloured 

 species. 



In the adult mcde all the upper parts are deep cinnamon-brown; 

 crown of head, nape, and upper tail-coverts generally still more in- 

 tensely coloured ; tail-feathers sometimes more brownish but still 

 more rufous than in the specimens described as L. cristatus. A 

 narrow frontal band extending over and beyond the eye is pure 

 white ; the white or whitish colour of the forehead in some very old 

 birds extends as far back as the hinder extremity of the eyes ; loral 

 and orbital regions and the ear-coverts black; chin, cheeks, throat, 

 under wing-covcrts, and edge of wing white ; all the rest of the 

 underparts creamy buff. Male in winter with delicate vermicula- 

 tions on the underparts. 



The female is a trifle less brightly coloured, and generally shows a 

 few delicate brown cross vermiculations on the sides of the breast and 

 on the flanks. One of these specimens, from Malacca, is very pale 

 below, or creamy, the rufous-buff being restricted to the sides of the 

 body. 



Three old birds from Malacca show the following measurements : — 

 wing 3-5-3-6 inches, tail 3-5-3-7, tarsus 0-9-0-92. 



Hah. The White-fronted Shrike inhabits Eastern Asia ; it lives 

 during the winter in the Malayan peninsula, island of Java, and the 

 Philippines ; in spring it migrates northward through China and 

 breeds in Japan, Manchooria, and in the northern parts of Mongolia, 

 southward of Lake Baikal. 



There can be but little doubt that this eastern form in China is 

 found together with the less brightly coloured L. cristatus, and that 

 these two frequently interbreed ; hence the many intermediate forms 

 found in Northern China, for instance near Kalgan. 



a, h. Ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 



c. [2]ad. sk. Malacca (G'r?^^/*). India Museum. 



d, e. S ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased. 

 /. Imm. sk. Malacca. Purchased. 



(/. Juv. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq. [P.]. 



h. Imm. sk. Malacca. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 



[P.]. 

 i, k. Ad. sk. Malacca ( Ca^^t. I'inicill). Gould Collection. 



/. Ad. sk. Malacca. F.D.Godman and O.Sal viu, 



Esqrs. [P.]. 

 m, w. [$ ] ad sk. Penaug, April (Canto?-). India Museum. 



38, Lanius lucionensis. 



Lanius lucionensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 135 (1766) ; Sivinh. Ibis, 1860, 

 p. 59, 1863, p. 272 ; £h/fh, Ibis, 1867, p. 304, 1875, p. 116 ; Walden, 

 Ibis, 1867, p. 215, 1873, p. 309; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 393, no. 

 5970; Jerdon, Ibis, 1872, p. 115; Switih. P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 286 & 



