284 LANiTD-a;. 



Lanius melauotis, Brelnn, Tog. Deutschl. p. 238 (1831). 

 Enneoctonus riifus, Bp. List Birds Eiirop. ^- N. Avier. p. 26 (1838) ; 



id. C. A. i. p. 31)2 (18')0) ; Loche, Cat. Mamm. Ois. Alger, p. 87 ; 



Taczan. J. f. O. 1S70, p. 48. 

 Lanius rutilaos, Tnnni. Man. d'Orn. iii. p. 601 (1840) ; Bp. C. A. i. 



p. 362; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 103; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 393, 



no. 5979. 

 Enneoctonus rutilans, Cah. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 73 (1850). 

 Enneoctonus pomeranus, Cah. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 73 (1850). 

 Enneoctonus niloticus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853, p. 439. 

 Enneoctonus frenatus, Licht. Berlin Mas. 



? Lanius paradoxus et cognatus, Brehm, Naumannia, 185.5, p. 275. 

 Enneoctonus pectoralis, v. Miillcr, J. f. O. 1855, p. 450 ; Heugl. Orn. 



iV:0.-4/';-. i. p. 474. 

 Enneoctonus jardinei, r. Midler, J. f. O. 1855, p. 4i")0 ; Heugl. Orn. 



N.O.-Afr. i. p. 474. 

 Lanius niloticus. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 393, no. 5980. 



Adult male. Crown of head, hind neck, and a small part of the 

 mantle chestnut-brown ; rest of mantle, the wing-coverts, and all 

 the quills blackish brown ; some of the secondaries with narrow 

 whitish tips, and with paler margins to the outer web ; the basal 

 half of both webs of the primaries pure white, forming a conspi- 

 cuous speculum on the expanded wing : scapulars white : some of 

 the least wing-coTerts broadly margined with whitish ; lower back 

 grey ; rump and upper tail-coTerts and basal half of all the tail- 

 feathers pure white ; rest of the taU blackish brown with white tijjs, 

 which become larger on the outer feathers ; a very broad frontal 

 band, the region around the eye, the ear-coverts, and part of the 

 sides of the neck are deep black ; loral region and often a spot on 

 the upper and hinder angle of the eye white ; all the uuderparts of 

 the body and the thighs creamy white ; some of the under wing- 

 coverts blackish. Total length about 7 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-7 

 -4-1, tail 3-1-3-5, tarsus 0-95-1. 



The immature male is less intensely coloured than the adult ; 

 the chestnut colour extends further down on the mantle ; the 

 middle of the back and the wings are more ashy brown ; all the 

 wing-coverts and especially the secondaries are broadly bordered 

 with cream-coloiir ; forehead mottled with whitish and brown ; ear- 

 coverts brown ; bill and feet light horny brown. 



Adult female. Similar to the male in colour; mantle, back, and 

 wings ashy brown ; the quills alwajs edged with cream-colour ; 

 upper tail-coverts and rump dull creamy white ; crown and hind 

 neck lighter and more reddish than in the male ; front of head and 

 ear-coverts dark brown with whitish tips ; loral region and a narrow 

 band across the base of the bill cream-colour ; bill and feet horny 

 brown. 



Young. Scapulars and rump decidedly cream-colour : head, sides 

 of neck, and breast with numerous dark-brown vermiculations. 



Nestling. General colour above, including head and scapulars, pale 

 ochraccous, the wing-feathers with a well-marked blackish-brown sub- 

 terminal cross bar; wing-coverts and quills brown, externally broadly 

 edged with rufous-brown, tipped with pale fulvous ; tail brownish 



