22. LANIUS. 



285 



black, the middle feathers tipped with rufous, the others with ful- 

 vous white ; underparts palo fulvous, and, except on the chin and 

 the under tail-coverts, thickly barred with brown vermiculatious 



Hah The Woodchat 8hrike inhabits the whole of Southern and 

 Central Europe, occurring as an occasional visitor in the British 

 Islands: to the cast it ranges as far as Persia. It arrives in 

 Europe m April, and stays till August or September, then migra- 

 ting t^ Africa for its winter-quarters, extending from the river 

 Gambia to Arabia. This bird moults in autumn, when it acquires 

 the cream-coloured margins of the quills, which, however at the 

 time It comes to Europe are rather abraded; consequently thev 

 have no real breeding-plumage. -i. j j 



a. [ cJ ] ad. St. 



b. [? Jad.sk. 



(:,(l- [<:?$] ad. St. 

 e,f- c? 2 ad. sk. ; 



ff. Pull. sk. 

 h. 2 ad. sk. 

 ?. Piill.sk. 

 Ic. c5' ad. sk. 



f. [Si ad. sk. 

 m. 2 ad. sk. 

 n. d" ad. sk. 

 0. (S ad. sk. 

 p. Pull. sk. 



g. Ad. sk. 



r. 2 juv. sk. 

 s. cJ ad. ; t. Juv. sk. 

 ic. c? ad. sk. 

 V, w. (S ad. sk. 



^,y- S 2 ad. sk. 

 s. 2 ad. sk. 

 a' . Juv. sk. 

 [cJ Jad.sk. 

 [moulting]. 

 2 ad. sk. 



b' 



d'. [c?l ad. sk. 

 e'. Pull. sk. 

 /', ^'. Moidtin^ 

 A'. Juv. sk. 



i', k'. [ c? ] ad. sk 

 v. [2 Jjuv.sk. 

 vi'. Skull. 



sk. 



Europe. 

 Eiu'ope. 



France. 



Valkenswaard, Hol- 

 land. 



Germany. 



Westphalia, June 1876. 



Haskeui, Turkey, April 

 5, 1877. 



Smp-na. 



Mount Carmel. 



Safed. 



Persia. 



Persia. 



Mohammerah. 



Shiraz, July 1870. 



E. of Shiraz, June 1872. 



Tangiers (Favier). 



Prov. Constautine, 

 Algeria (O. S.). 



Tunis. 



Tripoli. 



Bogos Land. 

 Abyssinia. 



Halai, Abyssinia, Feb. 



29, 1868. 

 [West Africa.] 

 North Africa. 

 Gambia. 

 Gambia. 

 Gambia. 

 Gambia. 

 S. Germany. 



R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 

 F. D. Godman and 0. Sal- 



viu, PJsqrs. [P.l. 

 M. Baillou [P.]. 

 F. D. Godman and 0. Sal- 



vin, Esqrs. [P.]. 

 Gould CoUectiou. 

 Purchased. 

 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



Gould Collection. 

 Canon Tristram [C.J. 

 Canon Tristi-am [C.]. 

 C. Darwin, Esq. [P.]. 

 C. Darwin, Esq. [P.l. 

 K. Loftus, Esq. [P.]". 

 Sir Oliver St. John [C.l. 

 W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 

 Gould Collection. 

 F. D. Godman and 0. Sal- 



vin, Esqrs. [P.]. 

 L. Fra.^er, Esq. [C.]. 

 Zoological Society. 

 Mr. Esler [C.J. 

 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 



W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 



Sir A. Smith [C.J. 



Purchased. 



Purchased. 



R. B. Shai-pe, Esq. 



R. B. Shai-pe, Esq. 



R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 



Dr. Giiuther [C.]. 



-±4. Lanius badius. 



Lanius badius, JSartl. J. f. O. ] 8-54, p. 100 ; Shelley, Ibi.s, 1875, 



Lanius rufus, pt., Haril. Oni. Westafr. p. 103. 



Lanius auriculatus {non Midler), Shelley ^- BucMey, Ibis, 1872, p. 292. 



" This is undoubtedly a distinct species, easily distinguished from 



