286 LANIID^. 



L. auricidatus, Miill., by the absence of white on the primaries. Dr. 

 Hartlaub's original description is very clear. The measiu'cments of 

 two specimens, collected by myself between Accra and Aguapim, 

 give the following result : — 



Culuien. Wing. Tarsus. 



a. Adult -05 4-2 -95 



b. Juv -GO 3-0 I'O 



Hah. Gold Coast. 



(©. E. Shelley.) 



45. Lanius collui'io. 



CoUmio, JBriss'Mi, Ois. ii. p. 151 (1760). 



Lanius colluiio, Linn. Si/st. Kut. i. p. 136 (1766) ; Retzius, Faun. 

 Sitec. p. 88 ; GmeL S. N. p. 300 ; Lath. Ind. Oni. p. 69 ; Meyer Sf 

 Wolf, Taschenh. Vog. DeulscM. p. 90 ; Beehstehi, Taschenh. p. 102 ; 

 Meyer, Vog. Esthland u. Lid. p. 42 ; Kuch, Syst. baier. Zool. i. 

 p. 104; Frisch, Vog. pi. 61. fig. 2; Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 147; 

 Levaill. Ois. d\ifr. ii. pi. 64 ; Nauniann, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. ii. 

 p. 30, pi. 52 ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 725 ; id. Faun. Franc, p. 153, 

 pi. 66. f. 1-3; Sad, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 98; Kilsson, Orn. Suec. p. 72; 

 Pal/as, Zoogr. Eosso-As. i. p. 404; Yarrell, Brit. B. i. p. 154; Keys. 

 S)- Bias. Wirbelth. Eur. p. 195; Schleg. Rev. Critique, p. xxi ; id, 

 Vog. van Xederl. Lnd. p. 232 ; Gould, B. Eur. pi. 69 ; Lindermayer, 

 Vog. Griechenl. p. 114 ; Malh. Faun. Sicil. p. 57 ; Von Wright, Fin- 

 lands Foglar, p. 72; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. ii. p. 30, pi. 52 ; Tf 'right, 

 Ibis, 1864, p. 291; Filijjpi, Viagg. in Pers. p. 324; Radde, J. f. O. 

 1854, p. 75 ; Gurney, Ibis, 1865, p. 268 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 158 ; 

 Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Europ. i. p. 228 ; Finsch Sf Haril. Vog. O.- 

 Afr. p. 331 ; von Nordm. in Demid. Voy. ii. p. 114; Heuglin, Pe- 

 termann's Geogr. Mittheil. 1869, p. 407; Blanford, East. Persia, ii. 

 p. 137; Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 251 ; Heugl.Orn. N.O.-Afr.i. p.474 ; 

 Meves, (Efvers. p. 762; Collett, Norg. Fugle, p. 13; Blanf. Geol. ^• 

 Zool. Abyssin. p. 340; Shelhy, B. Egypt, p. 117; Severtz. J. f. O. 



1873, p. 435 ; Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1876, p. 254 ; Antin. 8f Salvad. 

 Viagg. Bogos, p. 79 ; Dress. B. Eur. iii. pi. 150, p. 399. 



Red-backed .Shrike, Lath. Gen. Syst. i. p. 167. 



Lanius spinitorques, Bechst. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. ii. p, 1335 (1805); 



Heuglin, Ibis, 1859, p. 342. 

 Enneoctonus collm-io, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 ; Cab. Mtts. Hein. i. 



p. 72; Bp. C.A. i. p. 362; Riijip. Syst. Uebe)-s.-p.62; Gray, Hand-l. 



B i. p. 393, no. 5965 ; Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1868, p. 43, 1870, p. 344, 



1874, p. 37, 1876, p. 152. 



La pie-giieche ecorcheuj, Daubent. PL Enl. pi. 31. fig. 2 ; Levaill. 



Ois. cTAfr. ii. p. 64. 

 Lanius diunetorum, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 234 (1831). 

 ? Lanius coguatus, Brehm, Xaumannia, 1855, p. 275. 

 ? Lanius paradoxus, Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 275. 

 Lanins anderssoni, Strickl. 8j- Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 145 ; Gray, 



Hand-l. B. i. p. 393, no. 5974. 

 Lanius serugiuosus, Klein {teste Hexigliii). 



Adult male. Crown of head, hind neck, and part of the upper back, 



