290 LANiiDj;. 



1867, p. 2-20, pi. 6. figs. 1 & 2 ; ibid. 1869, p. 242 ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 



1871, p. 375 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 115; Dav. 4' Oustalet, Ois. Chine, 



p. 97. 

 Lauius strigatus, E>/ton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 103. 

 Enneoctonus crassirostris (KuM), Bp. C. A. i. p. 362 (1850). 

 Otomela crassirostris, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1853, p. 437. 

 Enneoctonus tigrinus, Horsf. Sf 3Ioore, Cat. B. M. E.I. Co. i. p. 168 



(1854). 

 Lauius waldeni, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 131. 

 Lauius incertus, Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 376 ; 1875, p. 115. 

 Otomela magnirostiis, Taczan. Bull. Sue. Zool. France, 1876, i. p. 167; 



id. J.f. O. 1876, p. 197 ; Schalow, ibid. p. 217. 



Adult male (summer plumage). Crown of head, hind neck, and 

 upper part of the mantle clear bluish grey ; mantle, scapulars, the 

 whole back, and the upper tail-coverts reddish brown, each feather 

 with several transverse black bars ; lesser wing-coverts like the back, 

 the rest and the secondary quills chestnut-brown with submarginal 

 black lines ; primary quills uniform brown, with no white at the 

 base whatever ; tail uniform chestnut-brown, with faint subterminal 

 bars and whitish tips to the outer rectrices ; a frontal band, the 

 loral and ocular region, and the ear-coverts deep black ; all the 

 underparts white, washed with cream-colour, especially on the throat, 

 breast, and edge of wings ; some of the under wing-coverts with 

 submarginal blackish-brown bars ; " bill Ijluish black ; feet pale 

 leaden, with a fleshy tinge ; iris blackish brown " (SwvnJioe). 



Winter plumar/e. The grey of the head and neck is washed with 

 brownish ; the frontal band and ear-coverts are brownish black, so 

 that the head has lost its beautiful appearance ; cheeks, sides of breast, 

 and flanks with a few subterminal brown vermiculations ; bill and 

 feet horny brown. Total length 6' 6 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 3*2, 

 tail 3, tarsus 0-9. 



Adult female. Very similar to the adult male in winter plumage, 

 but generally with " a large creamy patch on the lores, and a white 

 half-eyebrow in rear of the eye-line " (SwinJwe) ; bill bluish black. 

 The measurements are the same as in the male. 



Obs. Consul Swinhoe observes " that the sexes are alike, the 

 males being more richly coloured." This, however, holds good 

 only with old females in breeding-plumage, since in winter (as 

 proved by all the specimens from Malacca and Borneo) the female 

 closely resembles the young and immatiire birds, the black frontal 

 band and the grey of the head and neck being replaced by the 

 reddish-brown black-barred coloration of the back, while the region 

 above the ear-coverts and above the eye is creamy instead of reddish 

 brown. 



Immature bird. General colour of the whole upper surface of 

 the body reddish brown, which colour is more fulvous and greyish 

 on the head and neck, passing into chestnut-brown on the rump 

 and upper tail-coverts : each feather has several very distinct black 

 or dark-brown cross bars, aud is mottled with small creamy or 

 almost white spots ; again, the shaft of the feathers being white, the 

 upper parts of the body, especially the mantle aud neck, exhibit a 



