324 CBRTHIID^. 



p. 40; Bvvhuf. Natur;/. Deidschl. ii. p. 5o0; Ectzius, Fauna Suec. 

 p. 108 ; Koch, Sijst. baier. Zool. p. 82 ; Met/er ^- Wolf, Taschenb. 

 p. ioO; Werner, Atlas Aitisod. pi. 2; Rou.v, Orn. Prov. pi. 239; 

 Temm. 3fan. d'Orn. i. p. 410 ; Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 311 ; Gloger, 

 Hanc'b. p. 381 ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. iii. p. 288 ; Nanm. Voq. DetdscM. 

 pi. 140. tigs. 1-4 ; Gotdd, B. Eur. pi. 237 ; MacfjiU. Brit. B.i. p. 214 ; 

 £p. Consp. i. p. 224 ; KJ(prb. Or?). Dan. pi. 10 ; Radde, J. f. O. 

 1854, p. 62 ; Sundev. Svensk. For/l. pi. 9. fig. 2 ; Niks. Skand. Fauna, 

 i. p. 181 ; Schleg. Vog. Nede'rl. pi. 63 ; Wright, Fi7ilands Fogl. 

 p. 282 ; Jaub. ^ Laponvn. Rich. Orn. midi France, p. 297 ; Schrenck, 

 Amur. Reise, p. 330: Radde, Reise Ost-Sibir. p. 217; Gould, 

 B. Great Brit. pi. 64 ; Hartinq, B. Middlesex, p. 114 ; Degl. ^■ 

 Gerbe, Om. Fur. i. p. 186 ; ' Homeyer, J. f. O. 1869, p. 172 ; 

 Betfoni, Ucc. Lombard, pi. 88; Sanders, Ibis, "1871, p. 208; Jerdon, 

 Ibis, 1872, p. 19; Tacxan. J. f. O. 1872, p. 353; Altnm, Forst- 

 zoologie, p. 276 ; Newton, ed. YarrelFs Brit. B. i. p. 468 ; Swinhoe, 

 Ibis,'lS74:, p. 152 ; Dresser, B. Fur. p. 195, pi. 122. 



Le Grimpereau, Montbeill. PL Fid. 681. fig. 1 (1783). 



Certhia major et minor, Frisch, Vog. Teutschl. pi. 39 (1817). 



Certbia scaiidulacea. Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 432 (1831). 



Certhia macrodactvla, brachydactvia, septentrionalis, megarhynchus, 

 Brehm, Vog. Deufschl. pp.' 208-211 (1831). 



Cerlhia uattereri, Bp. Comp. List, p. 11 (1838) ; id. G. A. i. p. 224. 



Certhia costse, Bailly, Bull. Sac. Hist. Nat. Savoie, 1862, January ; 

 Sundev. J.f. O. 1855, p. 60. 



Certhia brachyrhynchus et paradoxa, Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, 

 p. 274. 



Certliia rufidorsalis, Brehm, Naitm. 1855, p. 274. 



Motacilla scolopaeina, Strom, Norske Vidensk. Selsk. nye Skrift. ii. 

 p. 367 {teste Nilsson) ; Collett, Norg. Fugl. p. 16 (1868). 



Certhia hodgsoni. Brooks, J. A. S. B. 1872, p. 74 ; id. Str. F. iii. 

 p. 233 ; Hume, Str. F. 1877, pp. 73, 78 ; Biddulph, Str. F. ix. 

 (1881) p. 315. 



Certhia britannica, Ridgivay. 



References to the American sjjecimens. 



Certhia fusca, Barton, Fragm. Nat. Hist. Pennsylvania, 1799, p. 11. 

 Certhia familiaris, Vieill. Ois. d'Amer. p. 70 (1807) ; Wils. Am. Orn. 



i. p. 122, pi. 8. fig. 1 ; Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 158; id. B. Amer. 



pi. 115; Coues, Key, p. 84; id. B. N.-West, p. 26; id. B. 



Colorado Vail. p. 145. 

 Certliia americana, Bj). Comp. List, p. 11 (1838) ; Reichenb. Hand})., 



spec. Orn. no. 265, pi. 615 ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 372 (1858) ; Pr. 



Max. J.f. Orn. 1858, p. 105. 

 Certhia familiaris, var. americana, Baird, Breiv., ^- Ridgiv. B. N. 



Amer. i. p. 125 (1874). 



Crown, sides of head, neck, mantle, centre of back, upper wing- 

 coverts, and scapulars mottled with yellowish brown, dark brown, 

 white, and grey, the white being restricted to the centre of the 

 feathers ; the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts much 

 more uniform and rufous-brown; tail uniform brown, with rufous 

 s-hafts ; seen in a certain light, the tail shows innumerable indistinct 

 bars ; the first three primaries uniform brown without any light 

 spots ; the rest and the secondaries tipped with whitish, and show- 

 ing a bufi'y white bar across the middle of cither web ; super- 



