330 CERTHIID^. 



curved down-svards, laterally compressed ; culmen sharp, pointed, 

 without any tooth or notch. Nostrils longitudinal, in a coriaceous 

 groove, with an indistinct operculum, quite exposed ; without nasal 

 or rictal hristles. Wings long and pointed, falling little short of 

 the tail ; first primary si)uriou8, very small ; second primary very 

 long ; tip of wing formed by third, fourth, and fifth primaries ; 

 secondaries very short, oul}' two thirds of length of whole wing. 

 Tail square or slightly rounded, soft and short. Tarsus thick, 

 covered in front with transverse scales, short, being slight!}' longer 

 than hallux without claw and equal to middle toe ; second toe con- 

 siderably shorter than fourth toe. Claws sharp and much curved; 

 claw of hallux about O"? of the length of the tarsus. Sexes alike in 

 plumage, which is brown and much spotted. 



Range. Central India. Africa from Benguela to the Mashoona 

 country. 



1. Salponiis spilonotus. 



Certhia spilonota, Franklin, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 121. 



Salpornis spilonota, Gra;/, F. Z. S. 1847, p. 7; id. Gen. B. i. p. 144 

 Feichenh. N. Si/st. pi. xxxviii. ; id. JIandb. spec. Orn., Scans, pi. 564 

 Jerdmi, B. Ind. i. p. 382 ; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 184, no. 2519 

 Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 397, 1876, p. 232, 1878, p. 209; Bviler, Sir 

 i^. 1875, p. 402, 1876, p. 37, 1877, p. 228. 



Salpornis spilonotus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 338; id. Ibis, 

 18C5, p. 48. 



All the upper parts dark brown, with numerous white spots ; 

 crown with central streaks ; wings with about half a dozen white 

 transverse spots on the webs ; on the tail-feathers, except on the 

 central pair, which is much paler and less marked, the white colour 

 forms five to six very distinct bars ; throat and sides of head pure 

 white ; all the rest of the underijarts pale huffish or whitish, with 

 numerous dark brown bars ; maxilla dark brown ; mandible and 

 feet paler. Total length under 5 inches, culmen 1, wing 3-5, tail 2, 

 tarsus O'G. 



The sexes are alike in size and plumage. 



Hab. Central India. 



«, b. Ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 



c. Ad sk. Oude. Capt. Stackhouse PinwiU 



d. Ad. sk. South of Clianda. Gould Gollection. 



2. Salpornis salvadorii. 



Hylypsornis salvadorii, Boc. Jorn. Acad. Lisb. 1878, pp. 198, 211 ; id. 

 Orn. d'Ang. p. 289, pi. x. fig. 2 ; Shelley, Ibis. 1882, p. 255. 



Adult. Above varied with rufous, white, and black ; throat dull 

 whitish with small black spots ; breast and abdomen more rufes- 

 cent, with scaly black margins ; upper tail-coverts, as well as the 

 under tail-coverts, whitish banded with black ; ear-coverts blackish ; 

 wing-coverts and quills black, marked on both margins with rufous- 

 white spots ; three outer primaries with a slight whitish edging on 



